Anthropometric prediction models of body composition in 3 to 24month old infants: a multicenter international study.

Background: Accurate assessment of body composition during infancy is an important marker of early growth. This study aimed to develop anthropometric models to predict body composition in 3-24-month-old infants from diverse socioeconomic settings and ethnic groups.

Methods: An observational, longitudinal, prospective, multi-country study of infants from 3 to 24 months with body composition assessed at three monthly intervals using deuterium dilution (DD) and anthropometry.

Risk of New-Onset Diabetes Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Real-World Cohort Study.

Background: Studies of new-onset diabetes as a post-acute sequela of SARS-CoV-2 infection are difficult to generalize to all socio-demographic subgroups.

Objective: To study the risk of new-onset diabetes after SARS-CoV-2 infection in a socio-demographically diverse sample.

Design: Retrospective cohort study of electronic health record (EHR) data available from the OneFlorida + clinical research network within the National Patient-Centered Clinical Research Network (PCORnet).

Sex differences in association of joint glycemic, blood pressure and lipid control and two-year risk of falls among older adults with diabetes.

Aims: To characterize the risk of falls among males and females by joint glycemic, blood pressure (BP) and cholesterol control among older adults (≥65 years) with diagnosed diabetes in USA.

Methods: Using longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study (2006-2019), we studied the association of joint glycemic (HbA1c < 7.5 %), BP (systolic <140 and diastolic <90 mmHg) and cholesterol (total < 200 mg/dL) control with two-year risk of falls.

The association of hypertension among married Indian couples: a nationally representative cross-sectional study.

Mounting evidence demonstrates that intimate partners sharing risk factors have similar propensities for chronic conditions such as hypertension. The objective was to study whether spousal hypertension was associated with one's own hypertension status independent of known risk factors, and stratified by socio-demographic subgroups (age, sex, wealth quintile, caste endogamy). Data were from heterosexual married couples (n = 50,023, women: 18-49 years, men: 21-54 years) who participated in the National Family Health Survey-V (2019-2021).

Compliance with eye and foot preventive care in people with self-reported diabetes in Latin America and the Caribbean: Pooled, cross-sectional analysis of nine national surveys.

Aims: To estimate the proportion of people with self-reported diabetes receiving eye and foot examinations in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC).

Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of national health surveys in nine countries. Adults aged 25-64 years with self-reported diabetes.

Body mass index changes and their association with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a real-world analysis.

Objective: To study body mass index (BMI) changes among individuals aged 18-99 years with and without SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Subjects/methods: Using real-world data from the OneFlorida+ Clinical Research Network of the National Patient-Centered Clinical Research Network, we compared changes over time in BMI in an Exposed cohort (positive SARS-CoV-2 test between March 2020 - January 2022), to a contemporary Unexposed cohort (negative SARS-CoV-2 tests), and an age/sex-matched Historical control cohort (March 2018 - January 2020). Body mass index (kg/m) was retrieved from objective measures of height and weight in electronic health records.

The association of hypertension among married Indian couples: a nationally representative cross-sectional study.

Mounting evidence demonstrates that intimate partners sharing risk factors have similar propensities for chronic conditions such as hypertension. The objective was to study whether spousal hypertension was associated with one's own hypertension status independent of known risk factors, and stratified by socio-demographic subgroups (age, sex, wealth quintile, caste endogamy). Data were from heterosexual married couples (n = 50,023, women: 18-49y, men: 21-54y) who participated in the National Family Health Survey-V (2019-21).

Concordance of high blood pressure among middle-aged and older same-sex couples in the USA.

Heterosexual couples in romantic relationships are known to influence each other's hypertension risk. However, the role of partners on an individual's hypertension status in same-sex relationships is less understood. Our objective is to characterize the burden of high blood pressure among middle-aged and older couples consisting of men who have sex with men (MSM) and women who have sex with women (WSW) living in the US.

Spousal Concordance of Hypertension Among Middle-Aged and Older Heterosexual Couples Around the World: Evidence From Studies of Aging in the United States, England, China, and India.

Background: Health concordance within couples presents a promising opportunity to design interventions for disease management, including hypertension. We compared the concordance of prevalent hypertension within middle-aged and older heterosexual couples in the United States, England, China, and India.

Methods And Results: Cross-sectional dyadic data on heterosexual couples were used from contemporaneous waves of the HRS (US Health and Retirement Study, 2016/17, n=3989 couples), ELSA (English Longitudinal Study on Aging, 2016/17, n=1086), CHARLS (China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, 2015/16, n=6514), and LASI (Longitudinal Aging Study in India, 2017/19, n=22 389).

Hypertension Diagnosis, Treatment, and Control in India.

Importance: Hypertension is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Previous efforts to characterize gaps in the hypertension care continuum-including diagnosis, treatment, and control-in India did not assess district-level variation. Local data are critical for planning, implementation, and monitoring efforts to curb the burden of hypertension.

National Estimates of the Adult Diabetes Care Continuum in India, 2019-2021.

Importance: Diabetes is widespread and treatable, but little is known about the diabetes care continuum (diagnosis, treatment, and control) in India and how it varies at the national, state, and district levels.

Objective: To estimate the adult population levels of diabetes diagnosis, treatment, and control in India at national, state, and district levels and by sociodemographic characteristics.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In this cross-sectional, nationally representative survey study from 2019 to 2021, adults in India from 28 states, 8 union territories, and 707 districts were surveyed for India's Fifth National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5).

A Strategic Research Framework for Defeating Diabetes in India: A 21st-Century Agenda.

Indian people are at high risk for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) even at younger ages and lower body weights. Already 74 million people in India have the disease, and the proportion of those with T2DM is increasing across all strata of society. Unique aspects, related to lower insulin secretion or function, and higher hepatic fat deposition, accompanied by the rise in overweight (related to lifestyle changes) may all be responsible for this unrelenting epidemic of T2DM.

Role of Neutrophil Gelatinase-associated Lipocalin (NGAL) and Other Clinical Parameters as Predictors of Bacterial Sepsis in Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department with Fever.

Background: Bacterial sepsis is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. However, to date, there is no single test that predicts sepsis with reproducible results. We proposed that using a combination of clinical and laboratory parameters and a novel biomarker, plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) may aid in early diagnosis.

Subjective social status is associated with happiness but not weight status or psychological distress: An analysis of three prospective birth cohorts from low- and middle-income countries.

Background: Subjective social status (SSS, perception of social position relative to a frame of reference) has been associated with physical, mental and socio-emotional wellbeing. However, these associations may be susceptible to unmeasured confounding by life course objective socio-economic position (SEP; such as wealth, education and employment) and life satisfaction.

Purpose: To estimate the association of position on ladders of perceived community respect and perceived economic status with weight, distress and wellbeing, independent of objective SEP in cohorts from three low and middle-income countries.

Changes in Child Undernutrition and Overweight in India From 2006 to 2021: An Ecological Analysis of 36 States.

Objectives: We evaluated changes in priority indicators of child growth from 2006 to 2021 and examined the role of human development measures in these changes.

Methods: We estimated cumulative and annualized changes in state- and district-level child growth indicators using 3 rounds of National Family Health Surveys (2005-2006, 2015-2016, 2019-2021) in 36 states. Outcomes included stunting, underweight, wasting, and overweight.

Conditional wealth to estimate association of wealth mobility with health and human capital in low- and middle-income country cohorts.

Temporally harmonized asset indices allow the study of changes in relative wealth (mean, variance, social mobility) over time and its association with adult health and human capital in cohort studies. Conditional measures are the unexplained residuals of an indicator regressed on its past values. Using such measures, previously used to study the relative importance of key life stages for anthropometric growth, we can identify specific life stages during which changes in relative wealth are important for adult health in longitudinal studies.

Ethnic differences between Asians and non-Asians in clustering-based phenotype classification of adult-onset diabetes mellitus: A systematic narrative review.

Several international studies have stratified people with diabetes into phenotypical clusters. However, there has not been a systematic examination of the variation in these clusters across ethnic groups. For example, some clusters appear more frequent among Asians and may have lower weight, age at diagnosis and poorer beta cell function.

Age at childbirth and change in BMI across the life-course: evidence from the INCAP Longitudinal Study.

Background: Parity has been associated with both short- and long-term weight gain in women. However, it is not clear if timing of parity across the reproductive age has different associations with BMI.

Methods: To prospectively assess the association between age at childbirth and maternal change in BMI, we analyzed data from the ongoing INCAP Longitudinal Study, which started in 1969 in four villages in Guatemala.

Protein-Energy Supplementation in Early-Life Decreases the Odds of Mental Distress in Later Adulthood in Guatemala.

Background: The prevalence of mental health concerns is growing worldwide, along with lack of access to and receipt of needed treatment. Current gaps in treatment provision have led to exploring alternative methods of prevention, with research linking nutrition and mental health, of particular relevance in low- and middle-income countries, with a high prevalence of undernutrition.

Objectives: To examine whether exposure to a protein-energy nutritional supplement during the first 1000 d of life decreased odds of mental distress in adulthood among men and women in Guatemala compared with receiving a low energy-no protein supplement or supplementation outside the 1000-d window.