Natural infestation of an anchor worm, sp. in cage culture of Asian Seabass, juveniles and its control using an anti-parasitic drug, emamectin benzoate.

Parasitic infestations and their control programmes are one among the challenges to be considered the most significant in aquaculture. A parasitic infestation was studied elaborately in Asian Seabass, juveniles with clinical signs, post-mortem findings, morphological and molecular identifications. In addition, those fish were also treated with emamectin benzoate (EMB) @ 50 µg kg of fish body weight (BW) d for 10 consecutive days under the controlled wet lab facility by feeding through the medicated feed at 4% BW.

In silico prediction of potential indigenous microbial biomarkers in Penaeus vannamei identified through meta-analysis and genome-scale metabolic modelling.

Background: Understanding the microbiome is crucial as it contributes to the metabolic health of the host and, upon dysbiosis, may influence disease development. With the recent surge in high-throughput sequencing technology, the availability of microbial genomic data has increased dramatically. Amplicon sequence-based analyses majorly profile microbial abundance and determine taxonomic markers.

Gonad recrudescence and annual sex steroid patterns in female goldspot mullet, Liza parsia reared in brackishwater pond.

Goldspot mullet, Liza parsia is a commercially important fish of South East Asia, where its farming depends on wild seed resources due to unavailability of hatchery technology. It, therefore, is important to understand the annual reproductive cycle of female L. parsia in captivity.

Artificial germination of Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) spores induced by ions under the scanning electron microscope.

Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP), is an emerging microsporidian pathogen responsible for hepatopancreatic microsporidiasis (HPM) in shrimps and is associated with severe growth retardation. The disease causes economic losses in shrimp aquaculture. In this study, EHP spore germination was induced and demonstrated with a scanning electron microscope (SEM).

Molecular docking study of bio-inhibitors extracted from marine macro-alga Ulva fasciata against hemolysin protein of luminescence disease-causing Vibrio harveyi.

Shrimp grow-out and hatchery systems are being affected by bacterial disease particularly Vibrios. The use of chemotherapeutic agents in aquaculture practices has to lead to the development of resistance among aquatic bacteria. Thus, health management becomes of major importance in aquaculture.

Design and evaluation of reverse transcription nested PCR primers for the detection of betanodavirus in finfish.

Viral encephalopathy and retinopathy otherwise known as viral nervous necrosis (VNN) is a neuropathological condition affecting more than 50 fish species worldwide, mostly marine. Different PCR protocols with specific primers were reported from many countries for confirmation of VNN in fishes. In the present study, two pairs of primers were designed and evaluated for the diagnosis of clinical and subclinical cases of infections from field.

Paper-based archiving of biological samples from fish for detecting betanodavirus.

This study was carried out to evaluate the efficiency of the Flinders Technology Associates (FTA(®)) card (Whatman(®)) as a sampling device and storage platform for RNA from betanodavirus-infected biological samples (viz., larvae, broodstock, cell culture supernatants and rearing seawater spiked with infected materials). The study showed that FTA cards can be used to detect betanodaviruses by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) genome stability maintained over six passages through three different penaeid shrimp species.

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) replicates rapidly, can be extremely pathogenic and is a common cause of mass mortality in cultured shrimp. Variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) sequences present in the open reading frame (ORF)94, ORF125 and ORF75 regions of the WSSV genome have been used widely as genetic markers in epidemiological studies. However, reports that VNTRs might evolve rapidly following even a single transmission through penaeid shrimp or other crustacean hosts have created confusion as to how VNTR data is interpreted.

Association of dual viral infection with mortality of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in culture ponds in India.

Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei has been introduced recently for culture practice in India. Though SPF stocks are imported for larval production and thereafter culture practice, these are prone to infection with the existing viruses in the environment. Here we report mortality of L.

Genetic characterization of betanodavirus isolates from Asian seabass Lates calcarifer (Bloch) in India.

Betanodavirus has been detected in Asian seabass in India. Molecular characterization of the isolates on the basis of the full-length viral RNA2 sequence was performed. Subsequent phylogenetic analysis with sequences from members of the four species in the genus Betanodavirus revealed that the present isolates are closely related to members of the species Redspotted grouper nervous necrosis virus.

Genomic classification of betanodavirus by molecular phylogenetic analysis of the coat protein gene.

The classification of betanodavirus into four species was reviewed including newer and well-characterised isolates. Six major clusters were identified, four of which were similar to the classic species. Two single isolate clusters were worth consideration as new species.

A short note on heavy infection of acanthocephalan worm (Neoechinorhynchus agilis) in grey mullet, Mugil cephalus.

Infection with acanthocephalan parasite, Neoechinorhynchus agilis (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) is reported from adult mullet (Mugil cephalus). Heavy infections with the parasites were observed in the posterior region of the intestine, almost blocking the lumen. At the site of parasite attachment, the surface of the intestine appeared thickened and the mucosal epithelium.

Viral nerve necrosis in hatchery-produced fry of Asian seabass Lates calcarifer: sequential microscopic analysis of histopathology.

We studied the natural progression of viral nerve necrosis (VNN) in larvae of Asian seabass Lates calcarifer Bloch from 0 to 40 days post-hatch (dph). The hatchlings were reared in the vicinity of a confirmed nodavirus-affected older batch. Using light and electron microscopy (EM), we made a sequential analysis of histopathological manifestations in nerve tissue and other organs.

Evaluation of Pseudomonas sp. PM 11 and Vibrio fluvialis PM 17 on immune indices of tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon.

Occurrence of widespread epizootics among cultured stock of shrimp has put research programmes on preventive approaches such as application of probiotics on a high priority in aquaculture. In the present study two bacteria, Pseudomonas sp. PM 11 and Vibrio fluvialis PM 17 were selected as candidate probionts from a pool of bacteria isolated from gut of farm reared sub-adult shrimp and tested for their effect on the immunity indicators of tiger shrimp.

Epidemiology of parasitoses in dairy animals in the North West Humid Himalayan Region of India with particular reference to gastrointestinal nematodes.

A systematic survey was conducted during two spells of 5 years each (1986-1990 and 1993-1997) to study the prevalence of parasitoses with particular reference to gastrointestinal (GI) nematodes and flukes in dairy animals (crossbred and native cattle, and buffaloes) belonging to 12 villages in the Kangra valley (Himachal Pradesh). Flukes (Fasciola, amphistomes and Dicrocoelium) and strongyles were the most important parasitic infections. Fasciola was endemic throughout the year, with a higher percentage infection in buffaloes than in cattle.

Experimental infection of mice with Taenia taeniaformis eggs from cats--course of infection and pathological studies.

Cysticercus fasciolaris, the larval form of Taenia taeniaformis is commonly encountered in rodents most often in mice and rats through contaminated feed and bedding materials. The infection is asymptomatic and is considered harmless, but its presence in the laboratory mice/rats could lead to misinterpretation of results for biological experiments. The course of infection and pathogenesis of induced C.

Prevalence of dicrocoeliosis in sheep and goats in Himachal Pradesh, India.

A survey incorporating field and abattoir studies was carried out on the prevalence of Dicrocoelium dendriticum in sheep and goats in the Kangra valley of Himachal Pradesh (India). Coprological studies on these migratory animals revealed that 8.1% of sheep and 4.

Comparative evaluation of agar gel precipitation, counterimmunoelectrophoresis and passive haemagglutination tests for the diagnosis of Dicrocoelium dendriticum infection in sheep and goats.

The sensitivity and specificity of the agar gel precipitation test (AGPT), counter immunoelectrophoresis (CIEP) and passive haemagglutination test (PHT) were evaluated for the diagnosis of Dicrocoelium dendriticum infection in naturally infected sheep and goats. Two hundred and forty five sheep and goat sera samples were tested using phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.2 extracted adult fluke antigen.

Experimental studies on anaemia in sheep infected with Dictyocaulus filaria.

The pathogenesis of Dictyocaulus filaria induced anaemia was experimentally investigated. Nineteen Dorset-Muzaffarnagri male lambs were divided into two groups of 13 and six. The lambs in the former group received a primary infection dose of 2000 D.