Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations increase gaps of rice yields between low- and middle-to-high-income countries.

The rising carbon dioxide concentrations are expected to increase future rice yields. However, variations in the CO fertilization effect (CFE) between rice subspecies and the influence of concurrent global warming introduce uncertainty in future global rice yield projections. Here we conducted a meta-analysis of rising carbon dioxide field experiments and employed crop modelling to assess future global rice yields for the top 14 rice producing countries.

Metallophthalocyanine as ideal antibiotics without light: Mechanisms and applications.

The urgent global health problem of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) calls for the discovery of new antibiotics with innovative modes of action while considering the low toxicity to mammalian cells. This paper proposes a novel strategy for designing antibiotics with selective bacterial toxicity by exploiting the positional differences of electron transport chains (ETC) in bacterial and mammalian cells. The focus is on cytochrome c (cyt C) and its maturation system in E.

Elevated CO and temperature under future climate change increase severity of rice sheath blight.

Sheath blight (ShB), caused by , is one of the major threats to rice ( L.) production. However, it is not clear how the risk of rice ShB will respond to elevated CO and temperature under future climate change.

The potential role of sucrose transport gene expression in the photosynthetic and yield response of rice cultivars to future CO concentration.

The metabolic basis for observed differences in the yield response of rice to projected carbon dioxide concentrations (CO ) is unclear. In this study, three rice cultivars, differing in their yield response to elevated CO , were grown under ambient and elevated CO conditions, using the free-air CO enrichment technology. Flag leaves of rice were used to determine (1) if manipulative increases in sink strength decreased the soluble sucrose concentration for the 'weak' responders and (2), whether the genetic expression of sucrose transporters OsSUT1 and OsSUT2 was associated with an accumulation of soluble sugars and the maintenance of photosynthetic capacity.

[A novel red phosphor (La3PO7:Eu3+) prepared by solid state method].

Novel red phosphor, Eu3+ -doped oxyphosphate (La3 PO7:Eu3+), was synthesized by a solid state method under high temperature. All the starting materials were analytical grade. La2O3, EuO3 and (NH4)2HPO4 weighed in appropriated molar ratios and ground in an agate mortar.

Synthesis and photophysical properties of core-shell Eu(DBM)3phen/TiO2 nanohybrids.

The core-shell titania (TiO2) hybrid spheres embedded with tris(dibenzoylmethanato)phenanthroline [Eu-(DBM)3phen] complex clusters were fabricated by a modified Stöber method. Under ultraviolet excitation (355 nm), the hybrid spheres exhibit the characteristic luminescence of the Eu3+ ions. The experimental results indicate that the titanic shell has different influences on the two fluorescent centers of Eu3+ ions.

Self-assembly of Yb3+-Tm3+ co-doped YF3 elongated nanocrystals into nanobundles of straw and up-conversion fluorescence.

The hierarchical self-assembly of Yb3+ and Tm3+ co-doped YF3 elongated nanocrystals (NCs) into nanobundles of straw were synthesized through a facile hydrothermal route. The formational mechanisms of regular aggregates of the building blocks were studied. Ultraviolet (UV)-blue upconversion emissions of Tm3+ were recorded under 980-nm excitation by the Yb3+ sensitizer.

Multicolor up-conversion emissions of Tm3+/Er3+/Yb3+ tri-doped YF3 phosphors.

Tm3+/Er3+/Yb3+ tri-doped yttrium fluoride (YF3) phosphors were prepared by a facile hydrothermal method. X-ray topographic analysis found that the phosphors were crystallized products. Their sizes and morphologies were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM, Hitachi S-4800), which indicated that most of the YF3 phosphors were hundreds of nanometers in size.

A novel approach from infrared to ultraviolet emission enhancement in Yb3+, Er3+:CaF2 nanofilms.

Under 978 nm excitation, we explored the infrared-to-ultraviolet upconversion properties in the nanofilms with the nanoparticles of Yb3+, Er3+ codoped calcium fluoride (CaF2:Yb3+, Er3+). The strong enhancement of ultraviolet emission was observed. The result is attributed to the optical performance characteristics of the nanostructure materials.

Europium(III) complexes/silica hybrid nanospheres synthesized in microemulsion.

Eu(DBM)3Phen/silica nanospheres with a uniform diameter of approximately 40 nm and the characteristic fluorescence of Eu3+ ions have been synthesized by a microemulsion method. SEM and TEM analysis indicate that the hybrid nanospheres are core/shell structures with fine spherical surfaces and that Eu(DBM)3Phen has been successfully enveloped in the SiO2 spheres as chromophore cores. IR absorption spectra and photoluminescence spectra suggest that the hybrid nanoparticles are promising materials for bioassay.