JTIS: enhancing biomedical document-level relation extraction through joint training with intermediate steps.

Biomedical Relation Extraction (RE) is central to Biomedical Natural Language Processing and is crucial for various downstream applications. Existing RE challenges in the field of biology have primarily focused on intra-sentential analysis. However, with the rapid increase in the volume of literature and the complexity of relationships between biomedical entities, it often becomes necessary to consider multiple sentences to fully extract the relationship between a pair of entities.

Distinguishing Gram-positive and Gram-negative bloodstream infections through leukocytes, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, and D-Dimer: an empirical antibiotic guidance.

This retrospective study aimed to compare the difference of the levels of white blood cells (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin, and D-Dimer in the bloodstream infection (BSI) patients, and their values in distinguishing bacterial categories. A total of 847 BSI patients were analysed and divided into Gram-positive BSI (GP-BSI) and Gram-negative BSI (GN-BSI) groups. Most frequently isolated pathogens in GP-BSI were Staphylococcus epidermidis (35.

The Application of Emotion Valence Ratios in Facial Emotion Recognition for Detecting Depression Among Older Adults in Institutional Settings.

Developing evidence-based parameters to enhance the reliability of face emotion recognition (FER) systems in detecting depression among the elderly is essential. This study aims to elucidate the relationship between the ratio of each emotion valence captured by the FER system and heart rate variability (HRV) while participants watch a video in relation to their depression scores. YOLO, an open-source data analysis toolkit, was used to extract three facial emotion valence features (neutral, positive, and negative) and determine the ratio of each emotion valence over time during video viewing.

The overview of the BioRED (Biomedical Relation Extraction Dataset) track at BioCreative VIII.

The BioRED track at BioCreative VIII calls for a community effort to identify, semantically categorize, and highlight the novelty factor of the relationships between biomedical entities in unstructured text. Relation extraction is crucial for many biomedical natural language processing (NLP) applications, from drug discovery to custom medical solutions. The BioRED track simulates a real-world application of biomedical relationship extraction, and as such, considers multiple biomedical entity types, normalized to their specific corresponding database identifiers, as well as defines relationships between them in the documents.

Investigating gut microbiota-blood and urine metabolite correlations in early sepsis-induced acute kidney injury: insights from targeted KEGG analyses.

Background: The interplay between gut microbiota and metabolites in the early stages of sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (SA-AKI) is not yet clearly understood. This study explores the characteristics and interactions of gut microbiota, and blood and urinary metabolites in patients with SA-AKI.

Methods: Utilizing a prospective observational approach, we conducted comparative analyses of gut microbiota and metabolites via metabolomics and metagenomics in individuals diagnosed with SA-AKI compared to those without AKI (NCT06197828).

Association between prolonged vancomycin infusion and trough concentrations in children. Retrospective study.

Introduction: This study investigated the serum concentration of vancomycin during prolonged infusion in children. Population and methods: This retrospective cohort study included pediatric patients who received vancomycin from June 2017 to June 2020 at a tertiary referral hospital. The patients were divided into two groups according to infusion strategy, the SII (standard intermittent infusion) group and the PI (prolonged infusion) group.

Taiyi: a bilingual fine-tuned large language model for diverse biomedical tasks.

Objective: Most existing fine-tuned biomedical large language models (LLMs) focus on enhancing performance in monolingual biomedical question answering and conversation tasks. To investigate the effectiveness of the fine-tuned LLMs on diverse biomedical natural language processing (NLP) tasks in different languages, we present Taiyi, a bilingual fine-tuned LLM for diverse biomedical NLP tasks.

Materials And Methods: We first curated a comprehensive collection of 140 existing biomedical text mining datasets (102 English and 38 Chinese datasets) across over 10 task types.

Pediatric intensive care unit treatment alters the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota and antimicrobial resistance gene expression in critically ill children.

Introduction: Common critical illnesses are a growing economic burden on healthcare worldwide. However, therapies targeting the gut microbiota for critical illnesses have not been developed on a large scale. This study aimed to investigate the changes in the characteristics of the gut microbiota in critically ill children after short-term pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) treatments.

Analysis of microRNA expression in rat kidneys after VEGF inhibitor treatment under different degrees of hypoxia.

Previously, we found that the incidence of kidney injury in patients with chronic hypoxia was related to the partial pressure of arterial oxygen. However, at oxygen concentrations that contribute to kidney injury, the changes in the relationship between microRNAs (miRNAs) and the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α)-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) axis and the key miRNAs involved in this process have not been elucidated. Therefore, we elucidated the relationship between VEGF and kidney injury at different oxygen concentrations and the mechanisms mediated by miRNAs.

Vancomycin population pharmacokinetics analysis in Chinese paediatric patients with varying degrees of renal function and ages: development of new practical dosing recommendations.

Objectives: To describe the pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in a large Chinese paediatric cohort with varying degrees of renal function and ages and to develop practical dosing guidelines.

Patients And Methods: We conducted a retrospective population pharmacokinetic study using data from paediatric patients who received vancomycin between June 2013 and June 2022. A non-linear mixed-effect modelling approach with a one-compartment model structure was applied.

Neutrophil CD64 index for diagnosis of infectious disease in the pediatric ICU: a single-center prospective study.

Background: Infection is a major cause of death in children, and it is particularly important to identify biological indicators of early infection. Previous studies showed that the neutrophil CD64 (nCD64) index may be a useful biomarker for infection. The purpose of this study was to investigate use of the nCD64 index to identify infection in children from a pediatric ICU (PICU) in China.

Contribution of gut microbiota toward renal function in sepsis.

Sepsis most often involves the kidney and is one of the most common causes of acute kidney injury. The prevalence of septic acute kidney injury has increased significantly in recent years. The gut microbiota plays an important role in sepsis.

Outcomes of noninvasive neurally adjusted ventilatory assist and nasal continuous positive airway pressure in preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: The benefits of neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) in preterm infants are unclear. This study aimed to explore if noninvasive NAVA is more beneficial for preterm infants than nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP).

Study Design: Meta-analysis was performed in three clinical trials comprising two randomized controlled trials and one crossover study.

Mild Hypoxia Enhances the Expression of HIF and VEGF and Triggers the Response to Injury in Rat Kidneys.

Background: Hypoxia contributes to a cascade of inflammatory response mechanisms in kidneys that result in the development of renal interstitial fibrosis and subsequent chronic renal failure. Nonetheless, the kidney possesses a self-protection mechanism under a certain degree of hypoxia and this mechanism its adaptation to hypoxia. As the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) axis is a key pathway for neovascularization, the activation of this axis is a target for renal hypoxia therapies.

Increased foot-stretcher height improves rowing performance: evidence from biomechanical perspectives on water.

The aim of this study was to investigate whether changes on foot-stretcher height were associated with characteristics of better rowing performance. Ten male rowers performed a 200 m rowing trial at their racing rate at each of three foot-stretcher heights. A single scull was equipped with an accelerometer to collect boat acceleration, an impeller with embedded magnets to collect boat speed, specially designed gate sensors to collect gate force and angle, and a compact string potentiometer to collect leg drive length.

Activin A inhibits activities of lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages via TLR4, not of TLR2.

Activin A, a member of TGF-β superfamily, is involved in either pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory responses. Our previous studies have reported that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can simulate activin A secretion from macrophage, and activin A can induce rest macrophage activation in mice, but inhibit the activities of the activated macrophages. However, the relationship of activin and LPS actions and their mechanism are not well characterized.