Swimming was associated with rhinitis and pollinosis in a duration-dependent manner.

Background: Previous studies have reported conflicting results regarding the effects of childhood swimming on respiratory allergic symptoms. We investigated the relationship between swimming and respiratory allergic symptoms in schoolchildren.

Methods: A questionnaire regarding participation in sports club activities and respiratory allergic symptoms in schoolchildren was distributed to the parents of all 6853 public school students (aged 6-14 years) in Omihachiman City, Shiga, Japan.

Mumps vaccination and immune status among Japanese university students: A multicenter cross-sectional study.

Background: During the mumps outbreak in Japan in 2016, 159,031 cases were reported. In a survey conducted in 2015, mumps vaccination rates for the first dose were 30%-40%. However, the rates for two or more doses were not determined.

Treatment strategy for successful conversion surgery in clinical stage IVB gastric cancer.

Introduction: Recent advances in chemotherapy have resulted in successful conversion surgery (CS) for clinical stage (cStage) IVB gastric cancer (GC). This study aimed to evaluate the success rate of CS in clinical practice and determine optimal treatment strategies.

Methods: Totally, 166 patients with cStage IVB gastric and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma, who underwent chemotherapy at Hyogo Medical University Hospital between January 2017 and June 2022, were included.

Association between administration or recommendation of the human papillomavirus vaccine and primary care physicians' knowledge about vaccination during proactive recommendation suspension: a nationwide cross-sectional study in Japan.

Objective: The Japanese government suspended the proactive recommendation of the human papillomavirus vaccine (HPVv) in 2013, and the vaccination rate of HPVv declined to <1% during 2014-2015. Previous studies have shown that the recommendation by a physician affects a recipient's decision to receive a vaccine, and physicians' accurate knowledge about vaccination is important to increase vaccine administration. This study aimed to evaluate the association between physicians' knowledge of vaccination and the administration or recommendation of HPVv by primary care physicians (PCPs) in the absence of proactive recommendations from the Japanese government.

Monitoring for adverse drug events of high-risk medications with a computerized clinical decision support system: a prospective cohort study.

Monitoring is recommended to prevent severe adverse drug events, but such examinations are often missed. To increase the number of monitoring that should be ordered for high-risk medications, we introduced a clinical decision support system (CDSS) that alerts and orders the monitoring for high-risk medications in an outpatient setting. We conducted a 2-year prospective cohort study at a tertiary care teaching hospital before (phase 1) and after (phase 2) the activation of a CDSS.

Adverse Events in Pediatric Inpatients: The Japan Adverse Event Study.

Objectives: Adverse events (AEs) represent an important cause of morbidity and mortality for pediatric inpatients; however, reports on their epidemiology in pediatrics, especially outside Western countries, are scarce. We investigated the incidence and nature of AEs in pediatric inpatients in Japan.

Methods: Trained pediatrician and pediatric nurses reviewed all medical documents of 1126 pediatric inpatients in 2 tertiary care teaching hospitals in Japan, and potential incidents were collected with patients' characteristics.

Correlation between recurrence-free survival and overall survival after upfront surgery for resected colorectal liver metastases.

Background: The role of recurrence-free survival (RFS) as a valid surrogate endpoint for overall survival (OS) in patients who underwent upfront surgery for colorectal liver metastases remains uncertain. The aim of the study was to compare the two survival measures in a nationwide cohort of upfront resected colorectal liver metastasis.

Methods: Data from patients with colorectal liver metastases without extrahepatic metastases who underwent curative surgery for liver metastases were retrieved from the Japanese nationwide database (data collection 2005-2007 and 2013-2014).

Low Serum Total Protein at Admission Predicts in-Hospital Mortality Among General Inpatients: Historical Cohort Study.

Purpose: Low total protein (TP) is associated with mortality among patients with specific diseases, but its association was uncertain among general patients. We evaluated the effects of low TP on in-hospital mortality among general inpatients.

Patients And Methods: We used data from the Japan Adverse Drug Events study series.

Efficacious interventions for improving the transition readiness of adolescents and young adult patients with chronic illness: A narrative review of randomized control trials assessed with the transition readiness assessment questionnaire.

Objective: We inspected efficacious interventions to improve the transition readiness of adolescent and young adult patients with childhood-onset chronic illnesses using the Transition Readiness Assessment Questionnaire (TRAQ).

Methods: Our narrative review was conducted on randomized control studies assessed with TRAQ for outcome measurement before and after the interventions. We included all patients with chronic diseases.

Effectiveness of a computerized clinical decision support system for prevention of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis.

Glucocorticoids are widely used for a variety of diseases, but the prevention of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis is sometimes neglected. Therefore, the effectiveness of a computerized clinical decision support system (CDSS) to improve the performance rate of preventive care for glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis was evaluated. We conducted a prospective cohort study of outpatients who used glucocorticoids for three months or longer and who met the indication for preventive care based on a guideline.

Comparison Among Conventional Multivariable Analysis, Proxy Exposure Analysis, and Instrumental Variable Analysis: Effectiveness of Two-or-More-Dose Vaccination for Measles and Rubella in University Students.

A catch-up campaign for measles and rubella (MR) vaccinations was conducted among third-year high school (MR-4) students between 2008 and 2012 as part of governmental policy. We examined three analytical methodologies to assess the vaccination policies. We measured the antibody titers of the first-year students involved and not involved in the catch-up campaign and analyzed the levels of antibody titers after two-or-more-dose vaccination using conventional regression analysis, the individual's birth year using proxy exposure analysis, and the birth fiscal year using two-stage least square (2SLS) regression as instrumental variables.

Association of Skin Carotenoid Score and Food Intake among School Children: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study.

This study aimed to evaluate the associations between skin carotenoid measurements and fruit and vegetables intake among school children. We conducted a cross-sectional study for 10-y-old children in 2020 in Japan. We compared the optical skin carotenoid score, measured using Veggie Meter, and food intake, based on a self-administered questionnaire.

Factors associated between behavior of administrating or recommending mumps vaccine and primary care physicians' knowledge about vaccination: A nationwide cross-sectional study in Japan.

Background: In Japan, the mumps-containing vaccine was withdrawn from routine vaccination in 1993, and it became a voluntary vaccination. This study aimed to evaluate the association between the physicians' knowledge about vaccinations and the administration or recommendation of the mumps vaccine.

Methods: We conducted a nationwide cross-sectional study targeting primary care physicians (PCPs) in Japan.

Experience and awareness of research integrity among Japanese physicians: a nationwide cross-sectional study.

Objectives: To explore the awareness and practice of clinical research integrity among Japanese physicians.

Design: A nationwide cross-sectional study conducted in March 2020.

Setting: All hospitals in Japan.

Quality of life and lung function after pleurectomy/decortication for malignant pleural mesothelioma.

Objectives: Impact of pleurectomy/decortication (P/D) on quality of life (QOL) is not widely reported. We investigated QOL and lung function after P/D.

Methods: A single-centre, retrospective cohort study was performed among patients who underwent P/D for malignant mesothelioma between June 2014 and June 2018 at Hyogo College of Medicine.

Association between autistic tendency and mental health for studying abroad.

Background: To identify the association between autistic tendencies and mental health among university students who study abroad.

Methods: We conducted a historical cohort study at a Japanese university, targeting students who went overseas from 2012 to 2014 as part of study abroad program. We administered questionnaires to students before and after they completed the overseas study program.

Clinical Decision Support System with Renal Dose Adjustment Did Not Improve Subsequent Renal and Hepatic Function among Inpatients: The Japan Adverse Drug Event Study.

Background: Medication dose adjustment is crucial for patients with renal dysfunction (RD). The assessment of renal function is generally mandatory; however, the renal function may change during the hospital stay and the manual assessment is sometimes challenging.

Objective: We developed the clinical decision support system (CDSS) that provided a recommended dose based on automated calculated renal function.

Association Between Active Gait Training for Severely Disabled Patients with Nasogastric Tube Feeding or Gastrostoma and Recovery of Oral Feeding: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Purpose: This study evaluates the effect of introducing active gait training (AGT) to patients who are severely disabled with nasogastric tube feeding or gastrostoma on the recovery of oral feeding.

Patients And Methods: We conducted a historical cohort study at a single rehabilitation center in Japan between January 2013 and December 2019. In this study, 154 severely disabled patients with nasogastric tube feeding or gastrostoma due to neurological diseases or disuse syndrome admitted in a rehabilitation ward were included, and their median age was 84 years.

Adverse events associated with human papillomavirus vaccines: a protocol for systematic review with network meta-analysis incorporating all randomised controlled trials comparing with placebo, adjuvants and other vaccines.

Introduction: Adverse events following the injection (AEFIs) of human papillomavirus vaccine (HPVv) among female adolescents are still a major public health concern.

Methods: According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis extension statement for systematic reviews incorporating network meta-analyses, all prospective randomised trials will be included. The primary outcome for adverse events is topical pain during the observation period.

Association between heart rate on admission and in-hospital mortality among general inpatients: Insights from Japan Adverse Drug Events (JADE) study.

Association between heart rate (HR) and in-hospital mortality in general patients irrespective of underlying diseases were not well scrutinized. We assessed the relationship between HR on admission and in-hospital mortality among general inpatients.We used data from Japan Adverse Drug Events (JADE) study, a prospective cohort study.

Pleural thickness after neoadjuvant chemotherapy is a prognostic factor in malignant pleural mesothelioma.

Objectives: Definitive diagnosis of the T-component is sometimes challenging in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Pleural thickness has been reported to be a prognostic factor for MPM and is a potential T-component.

Methods: We conducted a historical cohort study of patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and curative-intent surgery as a multimodal treatment for MPM from January 2007 to June 2016.