Clinical Characteristics and Surgical Outcomes of the Full-thickness Macular Hole Without Focal Vitreomacular Traction: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.

Purpose: This study investigated the clinical features and surgical outcomes of full-thickness macular holes (FTMHs) without focal vitreomacular traction (VMT) and discusses possible underlying mechanisms.

Methods: This was a retrospective observational study included patients aged 18 years or older with stage 2 FTMHs who underwent pars plana vitrectomy at three hospitals between December 2016 and March 2024. Patients diagnosed without focal VMT in the macula were classified as VMT- and those with focal VMT were classified as VMT+.

Subtype prevalence and baseline visual acuity by age in Japanese patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

Purpose: To investigate age-specific prevalence of disease subtypes and baseline best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in Japanese patients with treatment-naïve neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).

Study Design: Retrospective multicenter case series.

Methods: We reviewed the records of patients with treatment-naïve nAMD who underwent initial treatment in 14 institutions in Japan sometime during the period from 2006 to 2015.

Correlation between the Outcome of Vitrectomy for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy and Erythrocyte Hematocrit Level and Platelet Function.

We investigate-d whether biomarkers such as red blood cell hematocrit (Hct), platelet count (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), and platelet distribution width (PDW) are useful prognostic indicators of postoperative macular edema (ME) after vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). A total of 42 eyes of 42 patients with PDR who underwent vitrectomy between January 2018 and May 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. We divided them into two groups according to whether treatment was required for postoperative ME and compared the relationship between Hct, PLT, MPV, and PDW and the onset of postoperative ME.

Treatment of diabetic macular edema in real-world clinical practice: The effect of aging.

Aims/introduction: In older patients, the management of diabetic macular edema (DME) can be complicated by comorbidities, geriatric syndrome, and socioeconomic status. This study aims to evaluate the effects of aging on the management of DME.

Materials And Methods: This is a real-world clinical study including 1,552 patients with treatment-naïve center-involved DME.

Axonal Protection by Netarsudil, a ROCK Inhibitor, Is Linked to an AMPK-Autophagy Pathway in TNF-Induced Optic Nerve Degeneration.

Purpose: Netarsudil, a Rho kinase inhibitor with norepinephrine transport inhibitory effect, lowers intraocular pressure, however, its effect on axon damage remains to be elucidated. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of netarsudil on TNF-induced axon loss and to examine whether it affects phosphorylated-AMP-activated kinase (p-AMPK) and autophagy in the optic nerve.

Methods: Intravitreal administration of TNF or TNF with netarsudil was carried out on rats and quantification of axon number was determined.

Efficacy of Fovea-Sparing Internal Limiting Membrane Peeling for Epiretinal Membrane Foveoschisis.

Introduction: The aim of the study was to investigate the outcomes of vitrectomy with fovea-sparing internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling (FSIP) for epiretinal membrane (ERM) foveoschisis based on new optical coherence tomography definitions.

Methods: Twenty-three eyes of 22 patients (69.7 ± 9.

27-gauge trocar-assisted sutureless intraocular lens fixation.

Backgrounds: However there have been numerous investigations of intrascleral intraocular lens (IOL) fixation techniques, there is room for improvement in terms of simplifying complicated techniques and reducing the high levels of skill required. This study aimed to report a novel technique for sutureless intrascleral fixation of the IOL using retinal forceps with a 27-gauge trocar.

Methods: Nineteen eyes of 18 patients underwent intrascleral fixation of the IOL from July 2018 to September 2019 were enrolled in this study.

Ten-year changes in visual acuity at baseline and at 2 years after treatment in a Japanese population with age-related macular degeneration.

Purpose: We investigated 10-year changes in baseline best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), as well as functional and anatomical changes at 1 and 2 years after initial treatment, in eyes with treatment-naïve neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).

Methods: This retrospective, multicenter, case series reviewed patients with treatment-naïve nAMD who underwent initial treatment from 2006 to 2015, using photodynamic therapy (PDT), anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), or a combination of PDT and anti-VEGF. BCVA and central retinal subfield thickness (CRST), were measured at baseline and at 1 or 2 years of follow-up.

Real-world management of treatment-naïve diabetic macular oedema: 2-year visual outcome focusing on the starting year of intervention .

Background/aims: To investigate the yearly change of real-world outcomes for best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) after 2-year clinical intervention for treatment-naïve diabetic macular oedema (DMO).

Methods: Retrospective analysis of aggregated, longitudinal medical records obtained from 27 retina specialised institutions in Japan from Survey of Treatment for DMO database. A total of 2049 treatment-naïve centre involving DMO eyes of which the initial intervention started between 2010 and 2015, and had been followed for 2 years, were eligible.

Axonal protection by a small molecule SIRT1 activator, SRT2104, with alteration of autophagy in TNF-induced optic nerve degeneration.

Purpose: To examine the effects of SRT2104, an SIRT1 activator, in optic nerve degeneration induced by TNF and to investigate whether it affects the autophagic status after induction of axonal degeneration.

Study Design: Experimental.

Methods: Adult male Wistar rats received intravitreal injection of TNF alone, concomitant injection of SRT2104 and TNF, or injection of SRT2104 alone.

Real-world management of treatment-naïve diabetic macular oedema in Japan: two-year visual outcomes with and without anti-VEGF therapy in the STREAT-DME study.

Background/aims: To investigate real-world outcomes for best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) after 2-year clinical intervention for treatment-naïve, centr-involving diabetic macular oedema (DME).

Methods: Retrospective analysis of longitudinal medical records obtained from 27 institutions specialising in retinal diseases in Japan. A total of 2049 eyes with treatment-naïve DME commencing intervention between 2010 and 2015 who were followed for 2 years were eligible.

Multicenter survey of sutureless 27-gauge vitrectomy for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: a consecutive series of 410 cases.

Purpose: To evaluate the surgical outcomes of the 27-gauge (G) vitrectomy system for the treatment of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).

Methods: This retrospective consecutive series multicenter study involved a total of 410 eyes of 406 patients who underwent 3-port transconjunctival 27G pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for RRD between November 2014 and December 2016 and who were followed for a minimum of 3 months postoperative. The main outcome measure was primary reattachment, with the secondary outcome measures being final reattachment, improvement of visual acuity (VA), intraocular pressure (IOP), intraoperative and postoperative complications, and surgery time.

Comparative study of straight vs angled incision in 27-gauge vitrectomy for epiretinal membrane.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare straight and angled incisions in 27-gauge microincision vitrectomy in patients with epiretinal membrane (ERM).

Methods: Seventy-three eyes of 68 patients with ERM who underwent straight (35 eyes) or angled incision (38 eyes) for 27-gauge microincision vitrectomy were retrospectively evaluated.

Results: No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups in postoperative logarithm of minimal angle of resolution best-corrected visual acuity.

Optical coherence tomography findings as a predictor of clinical course in patients with branch retinal vein occlusion treated with ranibizumab.

Purpose: To examine the relationship between optical coherence tomography (OCT) images and clinical course in eyes with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) treated with intravitreal ranibizumab injection (IVR).

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Participants: Thirty eyes of 30 patients with BRVO treated with IVR.

HEMI-TEMPORAL INTERNAL LIMITING MEMBRANE PEELING IS AS EFFECTIVE AND SAFE AS CONVENTIONAL FULL PEELING FOR MACULAR HOLE SURGERY.

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy of hemi-temporal internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling for idiopathic macular hole.

Methods: The medical records of patients with macular holes who had undergone vitrectomy with ILM peeling were studied. Forty-two eyes with macular hole were divided into 2 groups based on surgical procedure (hemi-temporal ILM peeling [hemi group]: 15 eyes; 360° ILM peeling [360° group]: 27 eyes).

Axonal Protection by Ripasudil, a Rho Kinase Inhibitor, via Modulating Autophagy in TNF-Induced Optic Nerve Degeneration.

Purpose: The Rho kinase inhibitor ripasudil decreases intraocular pressure, although its role in optic nerve axonal damage should be clarified. We therefore investigated whether ripasudil modulates TNF-induced axonal loss and affects autophagy machinery after the induction of optic nerve degeneration.

Methods: Rats were given intravitreal injection of TNF, concomitant injection of ripasudil hydrochloride hydrate and TNF, or ripasudil alone.

Foveal Microstructure Analysis in Eyes with Diabetic Macular Edema Treated with Vitrectomy.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate baseline and postoperative factors affecting outcomes after vitrectomy for diabetic macular edema (DME) using optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Methods: Vitrectomy combined with inner limiting membrane (ILM) peeling and additional laser photocoagulation therapy was performed on 36 eyes of 30 DME patients. Evaluations included the logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution (logMAR), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and OCT parameters at baseline and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively.

Effects of indocyanine green staining on the recovery of visual acuity and macular morphology after macular hole surgery.

Purpose: To evaluate whether indocyanine green (ICG)-assisted internal limiting membrane peeling affects visual outcome and macular morphologic changes in spectral-domain optical coherence tomography images after macular hole (MH) surgery.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed of 34 eyes in 34 patients who had undergone surgical treatment for MH. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and optical coherence tomography parameters including central foveal thickness, length of the external limiting membrane (ELM) defect, and length of the inner segment and outer segment (IS/OS) defect were analyzed pre- and postoperatively.

Photoreceptor outer segment length: a prognostic factor for idiopathic epiretinal membrane surgery.

Purpose: To investigate prognostic factors for visual improvement in patients undergoing vitrectomy for epiretinal membrane (ERM) using spectral domain (SD) optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Participants: A total of 41 eyes of 38 patients.

Involvement of TNF-alpha in glutamate-induced apoptosis in a differentiated neuronal cell line.

We examined the involvement of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha on glutamate-induced cytotoxicity in a differentiated neuronal cell line. In this study, we used nerve growth factor (NGF)-differentiated PC12h cells. Glutamate cytotoxicity was assessed using the MTS and TUNEL assays.

Neuroprotective effect of atrial natriuretic peptide against NMDA-induced neurotoxicity in the rat retina.

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) can regulate aqueous humor production in the eye and has recently been suggested to play some functional roles in the retina. It has also been reported that ANP increases tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) mRNA levels and intracellular dopamine levels in PC12 cells. The effect of ANP on TH levels and the role of ANP in retinal excitotoxicity remain unknown.

Contribution of mitogen-activated protein kinases to NMDA-induced neurotoxicity in the rat retina.

We examined the contributions of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) family [extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38 kinase (p38), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)] to N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced neurotoxicity in the rat retina. Detection of apoptotic cell death in the retinal ganglion cell layer (RGCL) and the inner nuclear layer (INL) by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining began 6 h after intravitreal NMDA (100 nmol) injection and continued to increase thereafter. Western blot analysis showed that phosphorylated MAPKs (p-MAPKs) were expressed in the retina following a temporal manner: maximal expression of phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK) at 1 h, maximal expression of phosphorylated p38 (p-p38) at 6 h, and beginning of phosphorylated JNK (p-JNK) significant increase at 6 h after injection.

Nuclear factor-kappa B p65 in NMDA-induced retinal neurotoxicity.

Transcription factors of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB)/Rel family may be involved in neuronal cell death or survival. We examined the role of NF-kappaB p65 in N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced neurotoxicity in the rat retina. Western blot analysis showed that elevated levels of retinal NF-kappaB p65 protein at days 1 and 5 after intravitreal NMDA injection.