Publications by authors named "Jiro Hashimoto"
Article Synopsis
- A nationwide surveillance in Japan studied the antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria in acute uncomplicated cystitis, focusing on E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and S. saprophyticus, between April 2020 and September 2021.
- The study isolated 823 bacterial strains from urine samples of 848 patients, with a majority being E. coli (92.9%), and determined susceptibility to 18 antibacterial agents.
- Results showed a concerning increase in fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli, especially in postmenopausal women, highlighting the need for clinicians to adapt their antibiotic choices due to rising resistance rates.
Efficacy and safety of desmopressin orally disintegrating tablets 25 and 50 μg in male patients with nocturia: A Japanese real-world multicenter clinical study.
Low Urin Tract Symptoms
November 2022
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of desmopressin orally disintegrating tablets (ODT) in reducing nighttime urination (nocturia) in male patients while analyzing factors that predict improvements.
- Conducted at 27 institutions in Japan, the research included 118 male patients and found a persistence rate of about 51.3% after 12 weeks, with many discontinuing treatment due to adverse events, primarily hyponatremia.
- Results showed significant reductions in nighttime frequency of urination, particularly for patients with larger nighttime urine volumes, indicating that desmopressin ODT is useful for male patients with nocturnal polyuria in real-world settings.
Article Synopsis
- The study evaluated the role of serum testosterone levels in determining treatment options for patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).
- Researchers analyzed data from 115 patients, comparing outcomes between those treated with the drugs abiraterone and enzalutamide based on their testosterone levels at the start of treatment.
- Results indicated that patients with testosterone levels of 5 ng/dl or higher had better responses to treatment, especially showing that abiraterone was more effective than enzalutamide in very-low testosterone cases.
Article Synopsis
- The study examined the effectiveness of targeted prophylaxis using rectal swab cultures in men undergoing prostate biopsies, focusing on fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli.
- Conducted between June 2013 and December 2014, patients were tested for antibiotic resistance and treated accordingly, with 18.6% found to carry resistant strains.
- The findings suggest that using targeted antibiotic strategies can lower serious infection risks post-biopsy, emphasizing the importance of testing for antibiotic resistance prior to treatment.
Surfactant protein A (SP-A) is a multifunctional host defense collectin that was first identified as a component of pulmonary surfactant. Although SP-A is also expressed in various tissues, including the urinary tract, its innate immune functions in nonpulmonary tissues are poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that adherence of uropathogenic (UPEC) to the bladder was enhanced in SP-A-deficient mice, which suggests that SP-A plays an important role in innate immunity against UPEC.
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- - Human β-defensin 3 (hBD3) is linked to mast cell activation, but how it works is not well understood; previous research showed that SP-A and its peptide SAP01 can influence hBD3's function.
- - The study found that SAP01 directly attaches to hBD3, leading to reduced mast cell activity in rat ear models, which showed less vascular permeability and edema when SP-A or SAP01 were injected.
- - SP-A and SAP01 not only inhibited the movement of mast cells in a lab setting but also decreased the buildup of these cells in the tracheas of inflammatory models, suggesting SP-A plays a role in regulating inflammation during infections.
Article Synopsis
- * A retrospective review was conducted on 10 patients treated with faropenem (FRPM) for acute cystitis caused by these bacteria between June 2011 and May 2015.
- * While 9 out of 10 patients showed clinical cure, 3 experienced recurrences, suggesting that while FRPM is a promising treatment, underlying conditions can lead to repeat infections.
We report a patient with infective endocarditis and pyrogenic spondylitis occurring simultaneously. The patient was a 59-year-old man. He was suspected of having prostate cancer due to a high prostate-specific antigen concentration noted in a checkup.
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- * A study reviewed medical records of 45 children using CIC and found 62 instances of cystitis, primarily caused by Gram-negative bacteria, particularly E. coli.
- * Some of the identified bacteria included extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains, highlighting the need for monitoring antibiotic resistance in pediatric patients with CIC.
Article Synopsis
- A study investigated the role of procalcitonin (PCT) levels in patients experiencing febrile neutropenia during chemotherapy for urological cancers from 2010 to 2013, analyzing 51 patients.
- Results showed that 12 patients were PCT-positive, indicating a longer duration of fever and more severe symptoms than the 39 PCT-negative patients, although blood counts were similar.
- The findings suggest PCT is a useful marker for detecting potential bacteremia and assessing infection severity in cancer patients with fever during treatment.
Article Synopsis
- This study evaluated how well two antimicrobial drugs, cefazolin and piperacillin, work in preventing infections during urologic surgeries, focusing on their serum concentrations.
- It involved 39 patients with various types of cancer who underwent radical surgeries, with blood samples collected during the operations to track drug levels.
- The results showed significant drops in drug concentrations after 180 minutes, indicating that current guidelines may need to be updated for surgeries lasting longer than the drugs' effective half-lives.
Article Synopsis
- * Out of 626 chemotherapy courses given to 141 patients, 72% experienced severe neutropenia, and FN occurred in 9.1% of the cases, with most patients classified as low risk according to the MASCC risk index.
- * The results showed no chemotherapy-related deaths in either the high-risk or low-risk groups, indicating that with proper management, urological anticancer chemotherapy can be safely administered.
It has been well documented that activation of the ErbB3-PI3K-Akt pathway is implicated in tumor survival and progression. We previously demonstrated that the single N-glycan deletion mutant of soluble ErbB3 protein (sErbB3 N418Q) attenuates heregulin β1-induced ErbB3 signaling. The active PI3K-Akt pathway augments the nuclear accumulation of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α, which activates the transcription of many target genes and drives cancer progression.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTo clarify the discrepancy in the incidence and severity of surgical site infections (SSI) for radical cystectomy between reports based on the CDC guideline and those using the Clavien-Dindo classification we evaluated 449 consecutive patients who underwent radical cystectomy for bladder cancer between 1990 and 2012. Of the 115 (25.6%) patients with SSI defined by the CDC guideline, 89 could be analyzed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThere is still controversy about whether post-void residual (PVR) urine volume affects the onset of urinary tract infection (UTI). In addition, although male patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) might potentially have PVR, the association between LUTS and UTI or asymptomatic pyuria with or without bacteriuria remains unclear. We studied the frequency of asymptomatic pyuria, with and without bacteriuria, in patients with LUTS without a previous history of urinary tract manipulation at the first visit and their sequential courses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTo clarify the incidence of surgical site infection (SSI) after urological scrotal and inguinal surgical procedures and the preventive effect of antimicrobial prophylaxis for SSI, retrospective analysis was performed. The patients who underwent scrotal and inguinal operations from 2001 to 2010 were included in this analysis. A first or second generation cephalosporin was administered as antimicrobial prophylaxis just before the start of surgery and no additional prophylaxis was conducted.
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- A clinical trial conducted from 2011-2013 evaluated the effectiveness of a single 2 g oral dose of azithromycin extended-release in treating urethritis in heterosexual males, showing a 90.9% eradication rate in patients with gonococcal urethritis.
- The study found that Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains showed strong susceptibility to various antibiotics, with azithromycin having a lower susceptibility rate at 37.2%.
- While the treatment was largely effective (90% eradication rate for nongonococcal urethritis), the main side effect was temporary diarrhea, and ongoing monitoring of antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Mycoplasma
Article Synopsis
- The Japanese Urological Association introduced the first guidelines for preventing perioperative infections in urological surgeries in 2007, focusing on antimicrobial prophylaxis.
- A study conducted across 10 institutions analyzed data from 513 patients who underwent various urological surgeries to evaluate the effectiveness of these guidelines in practice.
- Results showed that 75.4% of patients received recommended antibiotics, with low rates of surgical site infections (5.9%) and remote infections (4.1%), but further research is needed to fully validate these guidelines.
Article Synopsis
- Radical cystectomy (RC) is a common treatment for muscle-invasive bladder cancer, but it is associated with a high rate of complications, particularly postoperative infections. !* -
- A study analyzed 126 patients who underwent RC, finding that various types of infections occurred in 66 of them, with anaerobic bacterial infections detected in a few cases. !* -
- While the rate of anaerobic infections after RC is lower compared to colon surgeries, the findings suggest that these bacteria should still be considered potential culprits in postoperative infections. !*
Article Synopsis
- * Surfactant protein D (SP-D), found in the bladder, binds to UPEC and enhances their agglutination, reducing their ability to adhere to human bladder cells and decreasing UPEC-induced cell injury.
- * Administering SP-D in mouse models showed reduced UPEC adhesion and inflammation in the bladder, highlighting its protective role against UPEC infections in the urinary tract.
Article Synopsis
- * The research measured minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) in strains from males with gonococcal urethritis and analyzed the genetic structure of penicillin-binding protein (PBP) 2 to understand resistance patterns, especially to cephalosporins like cefixime.
- * Results showed 100% susceptibility to ceftriaxone, cefodizime, and spectinomycin, but decreased susceptibility to penicillin G and ciprofloxacin compared to past data; 51.9% of strains exhibited mosaic P
Article Synopsis
- A study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of oral levofloxacin (LVFX) 500 mg taken once daily for 7 days in treating patients with non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU), evaluating both microbiological and clinical outcomes.
- Among 53 patients, 19 had chlamydial urethritis, 13 had non-chlamydial urethritis, and 21 had no detectable microbes; microbiological cure rates were 91% in symptomatic patients and 80% in asymptomatic ones.
- The efficacy of LVFX was comparable to azithromycin, with high eradication rates for C. trachomatis and U. urealyticum, though the erad
Article Synopsis
- The study examined the impact of serum testosterone levels on the effectiveness of antiandrogens added to androgen deprivation therapy in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer.
- In a group of 30 patients, those with serum testosterone levels of 5 ng/dl or higher had a significantly better response rate and longer progression-free survival compared to those with lower levels.
- The findings suggest that measuring serum testosterone can help predict treatment outcomes and may guide decisions in second-line therapies for this type of cancer.
Objectives: We analyzed the efficacy of additional antiandrogens as second- and third-line treatments after the failure of initial androgen deprivation monotherapy.
Methods: This retrospective study included 53 patients with advanced prostate cancer initially treated with androgen deprivation monotherapy alone. An antiandrogen was added to androgen deprivation monotherapy as the second-line treatment after the failure of the initial androgen deprivation monotherapy.
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to evaluate the infection rates of asymptomatic men whose female partners had genital chlamydial infections, analyzing their urinary tests and microscopic findings.
- Out of 267 men studied, 36.3% tested positive for urinary Chlamydia trachomatis, with a notable correlation between pyuria and positivity rates.
- The findings suggest that men with pyuria should receive immediate treatment, while those without may require testing for Chlamydia before any treatment decisions are made.