Thyroid hormone system disruption (THSD) is a growing concern in chemical hazard assessment due to its impact on human and environmental health and the scarce methods available for assessing the THSD potential of chemicals. In particular, the general lack of validated in silico and methods for assessing THS activity is of high concern. This manuscript provides an inventory of test methods relevant to THSD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIndoor dust contains various endocrine-disrupting contaminants, yet the effect drivers of observed glucocorticoid activity are completely unknown. This study conducted an effect-directed analysis using orthogonal fractionation to identify effect drivers of glucocorticoid activity in indoor dust. After the detection of bioactivity using a human cell line stably transfected with a reporter gene, the sample underwent parallel HPLC fractionations with octadecyl, pentafluorophenyl, and aminopropyl columns to obtain orthogonal fractions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis paper introduces and analyzes a theory for a paraxial design of a hybrid catadioptric optical system with variable focal length, which uses focus tunable optical components. Compared to the conventional zoom lens system, the proposed hybrid optical system can be designed with a smaller length and weight than a lens system of similar characteristics. The hybrid system does not need the movement of individual elements for zooming.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEcotoxicol Environ Saf
October 2024
Environmental pollutants capable of interfering with the thyroid hormone (TH) system increasingly raise concern for both human and environmental health. Recently, resorcinol has received attention as a compound of concern due to its endocrine disrupting properties. It is a known inhibitor of thyroperoxidase (TPO), an enzyme required in TH synthesis, and therapeutic use of resorcinol exposure has led to hypothyroidism in humans.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub
March 2025
Aims: To present a new method of dynamic Purkinje-metry and to verify it by comparison with a commercially available anterior segment optical coherence tomography CASIA2.
Patients And Methods: A dynamic Purkinje-meter with a movable fixation target was assembled. A coaxial circular pattern formed by infrared LEDs was projected onto the eye and evoked Purkinje images (1st, 3rd, 4th = P1, P3, P4).
Disruption of the thyroid hormone (TH) system is connected with diverse adverse health outcomes in wildlife and humans. It is crucial to develop and validate suitable in vitro assays capable of measuring the disruption of the thyroid hormone (TH) system. These assays are also essential to comply with the 3R principles, aiming to replace the ex vivo tests often utilised in the chemical assessment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFX-ray reflectometry (XRR) is a powerful tool for probing the structural characteristics of nanoscale films and layered structures, which is an important field of nanotechnology and is often used in semiconductor and optics manufacturing. This study introduces a novel approach for conducting quantitative high-resolution millisecond monochromatic XRR measurements. This is an order of magnitude faster than in previously published work.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInformation on the indoor environment as a source of exposure with potential adverse health effects is mostly limited to a few pollutant groups and indoor types. This study provides a comprehensive toxicological profile of chemical mixtures associated with dust from various types of indoor environments, namely cars, houses, prefabricated apartments, kindergartens, offices, public spaces, and schools. Organic extracts of two different polarities and bioaccessible extracts mimicking the gastrointestinal conditions were prepared from two different particle size fractions of dust.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA theoretical analysis of an afocal compensator of the secondary longitudinal chromatic aberration is provided. Such a compensator is able to compensate for chromatic aberration of an achromatic optical system and make an apochromatic correction of the system. The parameters of the proposed chromatic aberration compensator are described and the principle is presented in examples.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFModifying the optical and electronic properties of crystalline organic thin films is of great interest for improving the performance of modern organic semiconductor devices. Therein, the statistical mixing of molecules to form a solid solution provides an opportunity to fine-tune optical and electronic properties. Unfortunately, the diversity of intermolecular interactions renders mixed organic crystals highly complex, and a holistic picture is still lacking.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis
January 2024
A differential equation is derived for the calculation of the wave aberration of an axial bundle of rays affected by spherical aberration. The solution of the derived equation is analyzed, and the influence of the radius of the reference sphere on the value of the wave aberration is presented. The approximate formula for wave aberration is obtained, which allows the splitting of the wave aberration into a part relative to an infinitely distant reference sphere and a part showing the dependence of the wave aberration on the radius of the reference sphere.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA method for the algebraic calculation of paraxial design parameters of a telecentric f-theta lens is described. Moreover, a third-order aberration analysis is performed for a telecentric f-theta lens composed of two optical elements. The method can be used to calculate the starting optical design of telecentric f-theta lenses, which can be used, for example, in laser material processing, optical imaging systems, and optical metrology.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAn algebraic method of an initial design of the aplanatic cemented doublet with a unit focal length is described. Based on the third-order aberration theory, algebraic equations are derived for calculating the design parameters of an aplanatic thin cemented doublet with spherical surfaces and aspherical surfaces of the second degree. These equations make it easy to determine whether there exists a real solution of the doublet design for required parameters.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMonitoring methodologies reflecting the long-term quality and contamination of surface waters are needed to obtain a representative picture of pollution and identify risk drivers. This study sets a baseline for characterizing chemical pollution in the Danube River using an innovative approach, combining continuous three-months use of passive sampling technology with comprehensive chemical (747 chemicals) and bioanalytical (seven in vitro bioassays) assessment during the Joint Danube Survey (JDS4). This is one of the world's largest investigative surface-water monitoring efforts in the longest river in the European Union, which water after riverbank filtration is broadly used for drinking water production.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur J Mass Spectrom (Chichester)
April 2023
Gaussian and exponentially modified Gaussian functions were incorporated into integrating algorithms used by an open-source, cross-platform tool called CycloBranch. The quantitation is demonstrated on bacterial pyoverdines separated by fine isotope features. Using our algorithm, we can separate the m/z values 694.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOpt Express
January 2023
An algebraic method for finding fundamental parameters of a starting design of a two-element double-sided telecentric lens is introduced in this work. The telecentric lens is formed by two objectives composed of an afocal meniscus lens followed by a cemented doublet. It is used the third-order aberration theory to find the fundamental parameters of the starting configuration of a given optical system.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis
January 2023
This work introduces an algebraic method of the calculation of an initial design of a two-element optical system composed of a thick afocal meniscus lens and a thin lens element, which can be formed, for example, by a cemented doublet. The third-order aberration theory is used to find the fundamental parameters of the starting configuration of a given optical system. The method gives results that make it possible to obtain a good starting design for further optimization of such imaging systems using optical design software.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOptical response of crystalline solids is to a large extent driven by excitations that promote electrons among individual bands. This allows one to apply optical and magneto-optical methods to determine experimentally the energy band gap -a fundamental property crucial to our understanding of any solid-with a great precision. Here it is shown that such conventional methods, applied with great success to many materials in the past, do not work in topological Dirac semimetals with a dispersive nodal line.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe describe an analytic method of the initial design of microscope objectives with a long working distance. The optical system of a microscope objective is composed of two thin optical elements and a frontal optical element from several thick lenses. The paper describes formulas that make it possible to calculate fundamental parameters of the objective, namely Seidel aberration coefficients, radii of curvature, refractive indices of individual lenses of the microscope objective, etc.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRetinoids are newly detected compounds in aquatic ecosystems associated with cyanobacterial water blooms. Their potential health risks are only scarcely described despite numerous detections of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and its derivatives in the environment. Besides the known teratogen ATRA there is only little or no information about their potency and namely their effects in vivo.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDespite the progress in the understanding how COVID-19 infection may impact immunocompromised patients, the data on inborn errors of immunity (IEI) remain limited and ambiguous. Therefore, we examined the risk of severe infection course and hospital admission in a large cohort of patients with IEI. In this multicenter nationwide retrospective survey-based trial, the demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected by investigating physicians from 8 national referral centers for the diagnosis and treatment of IEI using a COVID-19-IEI clinical questionnaire.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPollution of indoor environment, where people spend much of their time, comprises complex mixtures of compounds with vastly understudied hazard potential. This study examined several important specific toxic effects and pollutant levels (177 compounds) of indoor samples (air gas phase, PM and dust) from different microenvironments after two extractions with focus on their gas/particle/dust distribution and polarity. The endocrine disruptive (ED) potential was assessed by human cell-based in vitro bioassays addressing anti-/estrogenicity, anti-/androgenicity, aryl hydrocarbon, thyroid and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-mediated activities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn acutely ill patients, particularly in intensive care units or in mixed infections, time to a microbe-specific diagnosis is critical to a successful outcome of therapy. We report the application of evolving technologies involving mass spectrometry to diagnose and monitor a patient's course. As proof of this concept, we studied five patients and used two rat models of mono-infection and coinfection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNonribosomal peptides and polyketides are natural products commonly synthesized by microorganisms. They are widely used in medicine, agriculture, environmental protection, and other fields. The structures of natural products are often analyzed by high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry, which becomes more popular with its increasing availability.
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