Visual free recall and recognition in art students and laypeople.

Artists and laypeople differ in their ability to create drawings. Previous research has shown that artists have improved memory performance during drawing; however, it is unclear whether they have better visual memory after the drawing is finished. In this paper, we focused on the question of differences in visual memory between art students and the general population in two studies.

Perceptual dimensions of wood materials.

Materials exhibit an extraordinary range of visual appearances. Characterizing and quantifying appearance is important not only for basic research on perceptual mechanisms but also for computer graphics and a wide range of industrial applications. Although methods exist for capturing and representing the optical properties of materials and how they vary across surfaces (Haindl & Filip, 2013), the representations are typically very high-dimensional, and how these representations relate to subjective perceptual impressions of material appearance remains poorly understood.

Comparison of dose length product and image quality of a biphasic whole-body polytrauma CT protocol with and without the automatic tube voltage selection.

Background And Aims: A significant source of man-made radiation is now linked to medical devices especially X-ray imaging based ones like CT scans which expose the body to cumulative ionizing radiation and thus attendant cancer risks. The aim of this study was to determine whether using a combination of Automatic Tube Current Modulation (ATCM) and Automatic Tube Voltage Selection (ATVS) during two-phase whole-body CT (2PWBCT) examinations would reduce the radiation dose while preserving the image quality.

Patients And Methods: This was a prospective, observational, single-centre study of 127 adult patients who had undergone the 2PWBCT polytraumatic protocol.

Gaze coherence reveals distinct tracking strategies in multiple object and multiple identity tracking.

In dynamic environments, a central task of the attentional system is to keep track of objects changing their spatial location over time. In some instances, it is sufficient to track only the spatial locations of moving objects (i.e.

Early and late infarct growth rate in ischemic stroke patients after successful endovascular treatment in early time window: correlation of imaging and clinical factors with clinical outcome.

Background: The prospective study assessed infarct growth rate (IGR) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) with large vessel occlusion (LVO) after recanalization in early time window. Early IGR (EIGR) and late IGR (LIGR) were correlated with imaging and clinical data; we searched for outcome predictors.

Methods: We included 71 consecutive patients.

Multiple object tracking with extended occlusions.

In everyday life, we often view objects through a limited aperture (e.g., soccer players on TV or cars slipping into our blind spot on a busy road), where objects often move out of view and reappear in a different place later.

CT Brain Perfusion in the Prediction of Final Infarct Volume: A Prospective Study of Different Software Settings for Acute Ischemic Core Calculation.

CT perfusion (CTP) is used for the evaluation of brain tissue viability in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). We studied the accuracy of three different syngo.via software (SW) settings for acute ischemic core estimation in predicting the final infarct volume (FIV).

The intraocular implant and visual rehabilitation improve the quality of life of elderly patients with geographic atrophy secondary to age-related macular degeneration.

Introduction: The objective of this prospective study was to evaluate the effects of intraocular macular lens implantation and visual rehabilitation on the quality of life of patients with geographic atrophy (GA) secondary to age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Methods: Patients with bilaterally decreased near vision (not better than 0.3 logMAR with the best correction), pseudophakia, were included in the project.

The associations of adolescent problematic internet use with parenting: A meta-analysis.

Problematic internet use (PIU) has adverse effects on adolescent health. Parenting may play an important role in the prevention of this condition, but the associations between PIU and parental behavior are unknown. This meta-analysis examined the associations between adolescent PIU and general and media-specific parenting.

To Quiz or to Shoot When Practicing Grammar? Catching and Holding the Interest of Child Learners: A Field Study.

Learning grammar requires practice and practicing grammar can be boring. We examined whether an instructional game with intrinsically integrated game mechanics promotes this practice: compared to rote learning through a quiz. We did so "in the field.

The intra-session reliability of functional connectivity during naturalistic viewing conditions.

Functional connectivity analysis is a common approach to the characterization of brain function. While studies of functional connectivity have predominantly focused on resting-state fMRI, naturalistic paradigms, such as movie watching, are increasingly being used. This ecologically valid, yet relatively unconstrained acquisition state has been shown to improve subject compliance and, potentially, enhance individual differences.

False memories when viewing overlapping scenes.

Humans can memorize and later recognize many objects and complex scenes. In this study, we prepared large photographs and presented participants with only partial views to test the fidelity of their memories. The unpresented parts of the photographs were used as a source of distractors with similar semantic and perceptual information.

Tracking multiple fish.

Although the Multiple Object Tracking (MOT) task is a widely used experimental method for studying divided attention, tracking objects in the real world usually looks different. For example, in the real world, objects are usually clearly distinguishable from each other and also possess different movement patterns. One such case is tracking groups of creatures, such as tracking fish in an aquarium.

Extrinsically Integrated Instructional Quizzes in Learning Games: An Educational Disaster or Not?

Instructional quizzes are frequently used in educational games. When they present correct answers after learners have responded, these quizzes can be used on their own for teaching new factual and conceptual knowledge (no additional learning materials are needed). In games, these quizzes are often unrelated to gameplay: gameplay can be viewed as a reward for answering quiz questions.

School-Based Prevention of Screen-Related Risk Behaviors during the Long-Term Distant Schooling Caused by COVID-19 Outbreak.

The COVID-19 outbreak and related restrictions meant a higher incidence of screen-related risk behaviors in both children and adolescents. Our goal was to assess the perceived importance and extent of school-based preventions related to these risks during the long-term, nation-wide distant schooling period in the Czech Republic. The online survey was responded to by the school-based prevention specialists (N = 1698).

Silent strokes after thoracoscopic epicardial ablation and catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation: not all lesions are permanent on follow-up magnetic resonance imaging.

Background: Invasive treatments for atrial fibrillation (AF) pose a risk of ischemic stroke due to periprocedural brain embolization, which may be manifest or silent. The primary aim of our study was to compare the rate of silent strokes after percutaneous catheter-based and thoracoscopic epicardial ablation for AF. The secondary aim was to evaluate the development of silent strokes over time.

False memories for scenes using the DRM paradigm.

People are remarkably good at remembering photographs. To further investigate the nature of the stored representations and the fidelity of human memories, it would be useful to evaluate the visual similarity of stimuli presented in experiments. Here, we explored the possible use of convolutional neural networks (CNN) as a measure of perceptual or representational similarity of visual scenes with respect to visual memory research.

Is limited-coverage CT perfusion helpful in treatment decision-making in patients with acute ischemic stroke?

Background: The initial core infarct volume predicts treatment outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to large vessel occlusion (LVO). According to the literature, CT perfusion (CTP) is able to evaluate cerebral parenchymal viability and assess the initial core in AIS. We prospectively studied whether limited-coverage CTP with automated core calculation correlates with the final infarct volume on follow-up non-enhanced CT (NECT) in patients successfully treated by mechanical thrombectomy.

Personality reflection in the brain's intrinsic functional architecture remains elusive.

In the last years, there has been a considerable increase of research into the neuroimaging correlates of inter-individual temperament and character variability-an endeavour for which the term 'personality neuroscience' was coined. Among other neuroimaging modalities and approaches, substantial work focuses on functional connectivity in resting state (rs-FC) functional magnetic resonance imaging data. In the current paper, we set out to independently query the questions asked in a highly cited study that reported a range of functional connectivity correlates of personality dimensions assessed by the widely used 'Big Five' Personality Inventory.

Illuminating Smiles and Frowns: Visual-Affective Cueing Influences Viewer Perceptions of Page Layout Images.

The present research was motivated by the routine digital media practice of producing page layouts as composite images that include several unrelated pictures. We investigated whether or how visually highlighting affective and positional components of pictures in a viewer's field of vision might influence viewer perception and evaluation of the composite image. We examined combinations of visual, spatial, and affective features of cues in composite images to learn whether they affected the viewer's attentional capture of other affective information in the composite image and viewer's affective evaluations.

Young-Old City-Dwellers Outperform Village Counterparts in Attention and Verbal Control Tasks.

Cognitive performance is dynamic and shaped by individual biological and environmental factors throughout life. In psychology, besides the effects of age, education, and other often studied factors, the complexity of the lived-in environment and urbanicity in that context are yet to be elucidated. In this observational cross-sectional study, we compare cognitive performance in standard neuropsychological tests in healthy older persons from three different types of settlements in the Czechia: the capital city of Prague, towns, and villages.

Scene categorization in the presence of a distractor.

Humans display a very good understanding of the content in briefly presented photographs. To achieve this understanding, humans rely on information from both high-acuity central vision and peripheral vision. Previous studies have investigated the relative contribution of central and peripheral vision.

Gadoxetate disodium, a modern hepatospecific MRI contrast agent: Indirect signs for gadolinium deposition in the brain structures with signal intensity increase after intravenous application.

Background: Gadolinium brain deposits after intravenous application of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCA) have been recently reported.

Aim: We focused selectively on gadoxetate disodium, a hepatospecific linear GBCA. There are currently only a few studies in peer-reviewed literature focused selectively on gadoxetate disodium with conflicting results.

Beck Depression Inventory-II: Self-report or interview-based administrations show different results in older persons.

Unlabelled: ABSTRACTBeck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) is one of the most-used rating scales. It was developed as a tool administered either as a self-rating or interview-based, observer-rating scale.

Objective: The goal of this study is to compare BDI-II scores obtained with two standard methods of administration in community-based older persons.

Perception of direct vs. averted gaze in portrait paintings: An fMRI and eye-tracking study.

In this study, we use separate eye-tracking measurements and functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the neuronal and behavioral response to painted portraits with direct versus averted gaze. We further explored modulatory effects of several painting characteristics (premodern vs modern period, influence of style and pictorial context). In the fMRI experiment, we show that the direct versus averted gaze elicited increased activation in lingual and inferior occipital and the fusiform face area, as well as in several areas involved in attentional and social cognitive processes, especially the theory of mind: angular gyrus/temporo-parietal junction, inferior frontal gyrus and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.