Collaborative Reduction-Induced Nickel-Catalytic Selective C-S Coupling of Aryl Di/Trithiosulfonates with Aryl Halides.

Metal-catalytic conversion of polysulfide reagents is a major challenge in organic synthesis due to its challenging activation modes of multiple S-S bonds. The utilization of aryl di- and trithiosulfonates in nickel-catalyzed reductive coupling with aryl halides has been unexplored. Herein, we unprecedentedly describe PPh and Zn-collaborative reduction-induced nickel-catalytic selective C-S coupling of aryl di/trithiosulfonates with aryl halides to access sulfides over common disulfides or trisulfides.

Ultrafast Evolution of Bacterial Antimicrobial Resistance by Picoliter-Scale Centrifugal Microfluidics.

Experimental evolution is a powerful approach for scrutinizing and dissecting the development of antimicrobial resistance; nevertheless, it typically demands an extended duration to detect evolutionary changes. Here, a centrifugal microfluidics system is designed to accelerate the process. Through a simple step of on-chip centrifugation, a highly condensed bacterial matrix of ∼10 cells/mL at the enrichment tip of the chip channel is derived, enabling bacteria encapsulated to survive in antimicrobial concentrations several times higher than the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and rapidly develop resistance in the first 10 h.

Cascade Electrocatalytic Reduction of Nitrate to Ammonia Using a Heterobimetallic Covalent Organic Framework Composed of Cu-Porphyrin and Co-Bipyridine.

The electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate (NO) to ammonia (NH) not only offers an effective solution to environmental problems caused by the accumulation of NO but also provides a sustainable alternative to the Haber-Bosch process. However, the conversion of NO to NH is a complicated process involving multiple steps, leading to a low Faradaic efficiency (FE) for NH production. The structural designability of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) renders feasible and precise modulation at the molecular level, facilitating the incorporation of multiple well-defined catalytic sites with different reactivities into a cohesive entity.

Impact of antibacterial detergent on used-towel microbiomes at species-level and its effect on malodor control.

The impact of antibacterial detergent on microbial exchanges and its subsequent effect on malodor in used towels were examined. Homogenization of microbiome among postwashed and indoor dried towels that was dominated by known malodor-producing bacteria. The microbial exchange was attenuated, and the abundance of malodor-producing bacteria was reduced in towels laundered with antibacterial detergent.

Fine tuning dual active sites in modulating cascade electrocatalytic nitrate reduction over covalent organic framework.

Conversion of NO to NH proceeds stepwise in natural system under two different enzymes involving intermediate NO. Artificial electro-driven NO reduction also faces the obstacle of low faradaic efficiency due to insufficient utilization of this intermediate. Herein, we demonstrate a bimetallic COF-based electrocatalyst for the cascade catalysis of NO-to-NO-to-NH for the first time.

SimCol3D - 3D reconstruction during colonoscopy challenge.

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. While colonoscopy is an effective screening technique, navigating an endoscope through the colon to detect polyps is challenging. A 3D map of the observed surfaces could enhance the identification of unscreened colon tissue and serve as a training platform.

Interactions and effects of a stannous-containing sodium fluoride dentifrice on oral pathogens and the oral microbiome.

Numerous studies have investigated the effects of stannous ions on specific microbes and their efficacy in reducing dental plaque. Nonetheless, our understanding of their impact on the oral microbiome is still a subject of ongoing exploration. Therefore, this study sought to evaluate the effects of a stannous-containing sodium fluoride dentifrice in comparison to a zinc-containing sodium fluoride dentifrice and a control group on intact, healthy oral biofilms.

Real-Time Evaluation of Helicobacter pylori Infection by Convolution Neural Network During White-Light Endoscopy: A Prospective, Multicenter Study (With Video).

Introduction: Convolutional neural network during endoscopy may facilitate evaluation of Helicobacter pylori infection without obtaining gastric biopsies. The aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnosis accuracy of a computer-aided decision support system for H. pylori infection (CADSS-HP) based on convolutional neural network under white-light endoscopy.

External-Shell Oxygen Enabling the Local Environment Modulation of Unsaturated NbN for Efficient Electrosynthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide.

Single-atom catalysts with a tunable coordination structure have shown grand potential in flexibly altering the selectivity of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) toward the desired pathway. However, rationally mediating the ORR pathway by modulating the local coordination number of the single-metal sites is still challenging. Herein, we prepare the Nb single-atom catalysts (SACs) with an external-shell oxygen-modulated unsaturated NbN site in carbon nitride and the NbN site anchored in nitrogen-doped carbon carriers, respectively.

Facile and controllable preparation of carbon microsphere for electro-driven nitrogen reduction: Accommodating nitrogen doping with hierarchical porous structure.

Driven by sustainable electricity, electrochemical nitrogen fixation under ambient conditions is considered as a promising strategy to generate low-concentrated NH/NH. Under the principle of doping and porous engineering, nitrogen-doped carbon microsphere with hierarchical pores (NC-HP) is fabricated via pyrolyzing polymer microsphere. Hierarchical structure with macro-, meso- and micropores is obtained by assembling melamine/phenol-formaldehyde oligomers in Pickering droplets, with the assistance of triblock copolymer Pluronic F127.

An end-to-end tracking method for polyp detectors in colonoscopy videos.

Deep learning based computer-aided diagnosis technology demonstrates an encouraging performance in aspect of polyp lesion detection on reducing the miss rate of polyps during colonoscopies. However, to date, few studies have been conducted for tracking polyps that have been detected in colonoscopy videos, which is an essential and intuitive issue in clinical intelligent video analysis task (e.g.

genotypes through gene-gene interactions with affect azathioprine-induced leukopenia in Chinese patients.

To investigate whether genotypes of , and were associated with azathioprine-induced adverse drug reaction (ADR) and had the gene-gene interactions with rs116855232 to induce leukopenia. Patients who had taken azathioprine were recruited. Genotyping of those gene was performed.

A Novel Central Camera Calibration Method Recording Point-to-Point Distortion for Vision-Based Human Activity Recognition.

The camera is the main sensor of vison-based human activity recognition, and its high-precision calibration of distortion is an important prerequisite of the task. Current studies have shown that multi-parameter model methods achieve higher accuracy than traditional methods in the process of camera calibration. However, these methods need hundreds or even thousands of images to optimize the camera model, which limits their practical use.

Species-Resolved Metagenomics of Kindergarten Microbiomes Reveal Microbial Admixture Within Sites and Potential Microbial Hazards.

Microbiomes on surfaces in kindergartens, the intermediate transfer medium for microbial exchange, can exert significant impact on the hygiene and wellbeing of young children, both individually and as a community. Here employing 2bRAD-M, a novel species-resolved metagenomics approach for low-biomass microbiomes, we surveyed over 100 samples from seven frequently contacted surfaces by children, plus individual children's palms, in two kindergartens. Microbiome compositions, although kindergarten-specific, were grouped closely based on the type of surface within each kindergarten.

Multi-label recognition of cancer-related lesions with clinical priors on white-light endoscopy.

Deep learning-based computer-aided diagnosis techniques have demonstrated encouraging performance in endoscopic lesion identification and detection, and have reduced the rate of missed and false detections of disease during endoscopy. However, the interpretability of the model-based results has not been adequately addressed by existing methods. This phenomenon is directly manifested by a significant bias in the representation of feature localization.

Species-resolved sequencing of low-biomass or degraded microbiomes using 2bRAD-M.

Microbiome samples with low microbial biomass or severe DNA degradation remain challenging for amplicon-based or whole-metagenome sequencing approaches. Here, we introduce 2bRAD-M, a highly reduced and cost-effective strategy which only sequences ~ 1% of metagenome and can simultaneously produce species-level bacterial, archaeal, and fungal profiles. 2bRAD-M can accurately generate species-level taxonomic profiles for otherwise hard-to-sequence samples with merely 1 pg of total DNA, high host DNA contamination, or severely fragmented DNA from degraded samples.

A randomized, controlled comparison of a stannous-containing dentifrice for reducing gingival bleeding and balancing the oral microbiome relative to a positive control.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of a stannous-containing fluoride dentifrice on gingival health and on the composition of the oral microbiome versus a positive control dentifrice over 2 weeks, in a population of healthy adults with self-reported sub-optimal oral health at baseline.

Methods: This was a randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical study. 87 subjects with self-reported sub-optimal oral health at enrollment were randomized to brush twice daily with either an experimental dentifrice (n= 43) or a marketed positive control dentifrice (n= 43), both containing stannous chloride and 0.

Simultaneous Recognition of Atrophic Gastritis and Intestinal Metaplasia on White Light Endoscopic Images Based on Convolutional Neural Networks: A Multicenter Study.

Introduction: Patients with atrophic gastritis (AG) or gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM) have elevated risk of gastric adenocarcinoma. Endoscopic screening and surveillance have been implemented in high incidence countries. The study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) for simultaneous recognition of AG and GIM.

[Clinical study of calcium phosphate cement loaded with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 combined with calcium phosphate cement loaded with antibiotic for chronic osteomyelitis with bone defect].

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of calcium phosphate cement (CPC) loaded with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) combined with CPC loaded with antibiotic versus CPC loaded with antibiotic alone in one stage for chronic osteomyelitis with bone defect.

Methods: A single-blind prospective randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted. Between April 2018 and April 2019, 80 patients of chronic osteomyelitis with bone defect in accordance with the random number table were randomly divided into two groups, 40 in the trial group (CPC loaded with rhBMP-2 combined with CPC loaded with antibiotic) and 40 in the control group (CPC loaded with antibiotic).

Longitudinal Multi-omics and Microbiome Meta-analysis Identify an Asymptomatic Gingival State That Links Gingivitis, Periodontitis, and Aging.

Most adults experience episodes of gingivitis, which can progress to the irreversible, chronic state of periodontitis, yet roles of plaque in gingivitis onset and progression to periodontitis remain elusive. Here, we longitudinally profiled the plaque metagenome, the plaque metabolome, and salivary cytokines in 40 adults who transited from naturally occurring gingivitis (NG) to healthy gingivae (baseline) and then to experimental gingivitis (EG). During EG, rapid and consistent alterations in plaque microbiota, metabolites, and salivary cytokines emerged as early as 24 to 72 h after oral-hygiene pause, defining an asymptomatic suboptimal health (SoH) stage of the gingivae.

Upper gastrointestinal anatomy detection with multi-task convolutional neural networks.

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) has been widely applied for gastrointestinal (GI) examinations. However, there is a lack of mature technology to evaluate the quality of the EGD inspection process. In this Letter, the authors design a multi-task anatomy detection convolutional neural network (MT-AD-CNN) to evaluate the EGD inspection quality by combining the detection task of the upper digestive tract with ten anatomical structures and the classification task of informative video frames.