TDRD1 phase separation drives intermitochondrial cement assembly to promote piRNA biogenesis and fertility.

The intermitochondrial cement (IMC) is a prominent germ granule that locates among clustered mitochondria in mammalian germ cells. Serving as a key platform for Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) biogenesis; however, how the IMC assembles among mitochondria remains elusive. Here, we identify that Tudor domain-containing 1 (TDRD1) triggers IMC assembly via phase separation.

MIWI N-terminal RG motif promotes efficient pachytene piRNA production and spermatogenesis independent of LINE1 transposon silencing.

PIWI proteins and their associated piRNAs act to silence transposons and promote gametogenesis. Murine PIWI proteins MIWI, MILI, and MIWI2 have multiple arginine and glycine (RG)-rich motifs at their N-terminal domains. Despite being known as docking sites for the TDRD family proteins, the in vivo regulatory roles for these RG motifs in directing PIWI in piRNA biogenesis and spermatogenesis remain elusive.

Deciphering the molecular and cellular atlas of immune cells in septic patients with different bacterial infections.

Background: Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by abnormal immune responses to various, predominantly bacterial, infections. Different bacterial infections lead to substantial variation in disease manifestation and therapeutic strategies. However, the underlying cellular heterogeneity and mechanisms involved remain poorly understood.

Identification and validation of key biomarkers based on RNA methylation genes in sepsis.

Background: RNA methylation is closely involved in immune regulation, but its role in sepsis remains unknown. Here, we aim to investigate the role of RNA methylation-associated genes (RMGs) in classifying and diagnosing of sepsis.

Methods: Five types of RMGs (m1A, m5C, m6Am, m7G and Ψ) were used to identify sepsis subgroups based on gene expression profile data obtained from the GEO database (GSE57065, GSE65682, and GSE95233).

Cytotoxic CD161CD8 T cells contribute to the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus.

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototypical autoimmune disease affecting multiple organs and tissues with high cellular heterogeneity. CD8 T cell activity is involved in the SLE pathogenesis. However, the cellular heterogeneity and the underlying mechanisms of CD8 T cells in SLE remain to be identified.

Cross-talk between NOTCH2 and BMP4/SMAD signaling pathways in bovine follicular granulosa cells.

NOTCH and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)/SMAD signaling play key regulatory roles in mammalian ovarian development. The study aimed to investigate interregulatory mechanisms between NOTCH2 and BMP4/SMAD signaling pathways in bovine follicular granulosa cells (GCs). The results showed that NOTCH2 silence reduced the mRNA expression of SMAD1, SMAD5, SMAD8 (also known as SMAD9) and Mg/Mn- dependent Protein Phosphatase 1A (PPM1A), which are effectors of BMP/SMAD signaling pathway (P < 0.

Expression of ABC transporters during syncytialization in preeclampsia.

Preeclampsia complicates 2-8% of pregnancies and is associated with prematurity and intrauterine growth restriction. Cholesterol and sterol transport is a key function of the placenta and it is elicited through ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABCA1 expression changes during trophoblast cell fusion, a process required to form the placental syncytium that enables maternal-fetal nutrient transfer.

Effects of FOXO1 on the proliferation and cell cycle-, apoptosis- and steroidogenesis-related genes expression in sheep granulosa cells.

Forkhead boxO (FOXO) transcription factors regulate diverse biological processes, including cellular metabolism, cell apoptosis, and the cell cycle. Results from several studies indicate FOXO1 regulates different granulosa cell (GC) pathways involved in proliferation, survival and differentiation. Functions and mechanisms of FOXO1 regulation of sheep GCs remain unclear.

In Vitro Effects of Emerging Bisphenols on Myocyte Differentiation and Insulin Responsiveness.

Bisphenols are endocrine disrupting chemicals to which humans are ubiquitously exposed to. Prenatal bisphenol A exposure can lead to insulin resistance. However, the metabolic effects of other emerging bisphenols, such as bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol F (BPF), are less understood.

Gestational Exposure to Bisphenol A and Bisphenol S Leads to Fetal Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy Independent of Sex.

Gestational exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) can lead to offspring insulin resistance. However, despite the role that the skeletal muscle plays in glucose homeostasis, it remains unknown whether gestational exposure to BPA, or its analog bisphenol S (BPS), impairs skeletal muscle development. We hypothesized that gestational exposure to BPA or BPS will impair fetal muscle development and lead to muscle-specific insulin resistance.

Multispecies study: low-dose tributyltin impairs ovarian theca cell cholesterol homeostasis through the RXR pathway in five mammalian species including humans.

Tributyltin (TBT), an organotin chemical used as a catalyst and biocide, can stimulate cholesterol efflux in non-steroidogenic cells. Since cholesterol is the first limiting step for sex hormone production, we hypothesized that TBT disrupts intracellular cholesterol transport and impairs steroidogenesis in ovarian theca cells. We investigated TBT's effect on cholesterol trafficking, luteinization, and steroidogenesis in theca cells of five species (human, sheep, cow, pig, and mice).

Transcriptome analysis of adipose tissues from two fat-tailed sheep breeds reveals key genes involved in fat deposition.

Background: The level of fat deposition in carcass is a crucial factor influencing meat quality. Guangling Large-Tailed (GLT) and Small-Tailed Han (STH) sheep are important local Chinese fat-tailed breeds that show distinct patterns of fat depots. To gain a better understanding of fat deposition, transcriptome profiles were determined by RNA-sequencing of perirenal, subcutaneous, and tail fat tissues from both the sheep breeds.

MiR-330-5p negatively regulates ovine preadipocyte differentiation by targeting branched-chain aminotransferase 2.

The differentiation of preadipocytes into adipose tissues is tightly regulated by various factors including microRNAs and cytokines. This article aims to study the effect of miR-330-5p on expression of BCAT2 in ovine preadipocytes. Ovine preadipocytes were isolated, and we found that the miR-330-5p expression decreased gradually during the early differentiation of ovine preadipocytes, while BCAT2 expression increased.

Study on the relationship between expression patterns of cocaine-and amphetamine regulated transcript and hormones secretion in porcine ovarian follicles.

Background: Cocaine-and amphetamine regulated transcript (CART) is an endogenous neuropeptide, which is widespread in animals, plays a key role in regulation of follicular atresia in cattle and sheep. Among animal ovaries, CART mRNA was firstly found in the cattle ovaries. CART was localized in the antral follicles oocytes, granulosa and cumulus cells by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization.

miR-124-3p affects the formation of intramuscular fat through alterations in branched chain amino acid consumption in sheep.

Intramuscular fat is used to determine meat quality in animals; however, factors affecting branched chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism, which fuels adipogenesis and lipogenesis, remain unclear. To better understand the post-transcriptional influence on BCAA catabolism during adipogenesis, we investigated the role of miR-124-3p. Stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells were isolated from skeletal muscle of sheep, and induced to differentiate.

Notch signaling pathway promotes the development of ovine ovarian follicular granulosa cells.

The Notch signaling pathway regulates cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis involved in development of the organs and tissues such as nervous system, cartilage, lungs, kidneys and prostate as well as the ovarian follicles. This study aimed to investigate the mRNA expression and localization of NOTCH2, as the key factor in Notch signaling pathway. This was determined by PCR, real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry.

mRNA Expression of Ovine Angiopoietin-like Protein 4 Gene in Adipose Tissues.

Angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) is involved in a variety of functions, including lipoprotein metabolism and angiogenesis. To reveal the role of ANGPTL4 in fat metabolism of sheep, ovine ANGPTL4 mRNA expression was analyzed in seven adipose tissues from two breeds with distinct tail types. Forty-eight animals with the gender ratio of 1:1 for both Guangling Large Tailed (GLT) and Small Tailed Han (STH) sheep were slaughtered at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 months of age, respectively.

Ontogenetic Expression of Lpin2 and Lpin3 Genes and Their Associations with Traits in Two Breeds of Chinese Fat-tailed Sheep.

Lipins play dual function in lipid metabolism by serving as phosphatidate phosphatase and transcriptional co-regulators of gene expression. Mammalian lipin proteins consist of lipin1, lipin2, and lipin3 and are encoded by their respective genes Lpin1, Lpin2, and Lpin3. To date, most studies are concerned with Lpin1, only a few have addressed Lpin2 and Lpin3.