Development of clinical visual physiology in China during the past fifty years.

In the past 50 years, China has experienced a valuable development stage of clinical visual physiology and made substantial progresses in the aspects. It not only contributes to ophthalmology development, but also cultivates the precious visual physiology scientist and researcher groups in China and will advance Chinese ophthalmology toward a glorious future.

[Retinal symmetry of multifocal visual evoked potential in both eyes of normal subjects].

Purpose: To analyze the retinal symmetry of multifocal visual evoked potential (mfVEP) in both eyes of normal subjects.

Methods: The monocular mfVEP in both eyes of 36 normal subjects (72 eyes) were tested with VERIS Science 4.0.

[The multifocal electroretinogram in idiopathic epiretinal membrane].

Purpose: To measure and compare the difference between normal control and patients with idiopathic epiretinal membrane with multifocal Electroretinography (mfERG).

Method: Seventeen normal control (20 eyes) and 15 cases (19 eyes) of idiopathic epiretinal membrane were measured with VERIS Science 4.0.

[Multifocal visual evoked potential in retinitis pigmentosa and its comparison with visual field].

Purpose: To investigate the characteristics of the multifocal visual evoked potential (mfVEP) and to evaluate the potential of mfVEP as a way of objective perimetry in retinitis pigmentosa (RP).

Methods: The mfVEPs were obtained by using VERIS 4.9 visual evoked response imaging system for 12 RP patients (19 eyes) and 15 normal control subjects (30 eyes).

[The study on binocular visual field summation and its possible mechanism].

Purpose: To observe the summation effect of binocular visual field in persons with normal or abnormal visual field and study the validity of four kinds of theory (best eye, average eye, best location, binocular summation) on binocular visual field formation.

Methods: The monocular and binocular visual field were tested in 15 cases with normal visual field and 58 cases of different kinds of ocular diseases with abnormal visual field.

Results: The mean rates of summation in normal visual field group and abnormal group were 93.

Morphometry of axons in optic nerves of Siamese's twins.

Purpose: To observe the development of optic nerve, we examined four optic nerves from Siameses Twins by absolute counts of axons.

Methods: Mean axon diameter, mean axon density, totally axonal population and optic nerve area were noted for each optic nerve. The mean axon diameter and the mean axon density were compared between paraxial (inner sectors) and cortical(outer sectors) areas of the nerves.

Exploration of multifocal rod electroretinograms recording in human.

Purpose: To test the feasibility of recording rod multifocal electroretinograms (ERG) in humans and observe appropriate recording conditions.

Methods: Multifocal rod ERG were recorded using a stimulus array of 61 equalsized hexagons in two normal subjects after the dark adaptation. Flashes were blue (W47B).

[Comparison of multifocal electroretinogram in six kinds of maculopathies].

Purpose: To compare the differences of multifocal electroretinogram (mERG) in six kinds of macular diseases.

Methods: The mERGS of 6 kinds of macular diseases were recorded and compared with normal corresponding age groups.

Results: The differences of mERG between maculopathies and control were significant.

[Multifocal electroretinogram in cystoid macular edema].

Purpose: To evaluate the visual function in different area at retinal posterior pole for the patients with cystoid macular edema (CME).

Methods: Multifocal ERG was tested using visual evoked response imaging system (VERIS) 4.0 for 24 patients (27 eyes) with CME and 25 normal control subjects whose ages matched patient's ages, the traces and 3D function maps of first order kernel response were recorded on 103 retinal locations of 26.

Scotopic sensitivity of central retina in early age-related macular degeneration.

Purpose: To test scotopic sensitivity and investigate whether there is rod system dysfunction in the central retina in early age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Methods: Scotopic (450 nm stimulus) and photopic (white light stimulus) sensitivity in 24 patients with early AMD was measured at 81 loci in central 25 degrees of retina, and compared with the age-match normal controls.

Results: Mean scotopic sensitivity of AMD patients was significantly lower than that of the normal controls.

The multifocal electroretinogram in X-linked juvenile retinoschisis.

To measure and compare the multifocal electroretinography in normal control and X-linked juvenile retinoschisis, 13 cases (13 right eyes) of normal control and nine cases (17 eyes) of X-linked juvenile retinoschisis were measured with VERIS Science 4.0. Four cases (eight eyes) out of the nine retinoschisis cases were tested with Ganzfeld ERG at the same day.

The multifocal electroretinogram in central serous chorioretinopathy.

Purpose: To compare multifocal electroretinograms (ERGs) in control subjects and patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).

Method: Eighteen eyes of control subjects and 15 eyes affected by CSC were tested with a VERIS Sciences 4.0 system.