SVLearn: a dual-reference machine learning approach enables accurate cross-species genotyping of structural variants.

Structural variations (SVs) are diverse forms of genetic alterations and drive a wide range of human diseases. Accurately genotyping SVs, particularly occurring at repetitive genomic regions, from short-read sequencing data remains challenging. Here, we introduce SVLearn, a machine-learning approach for genotyping bi-allelic SVs.

Comparison of the in vitro activities and resistance mechanisms against imipenem-relebactam and ceftazidime-avibactam in clinical KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated in China.

Background: Ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI) and imipenem-relebactam (IMI-REL) are both antibiotics with promising prospects for treating Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPC-Kp) infections. However, differences in the in vitro activities and resistance mechanisms to CAZ-AVI and IMI-REL in clinical KPC-Kps have not been described.

Methods: In this study, KPC-Kp isolates from hospitalized patients in China were collected and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing of IMI-REL and CAZ-AVI using the broth microdilution method.

Global, regional, and national burden of NAFLD in youths and young adults aged 15-39 years, 1990-2021, its attributable risk factors, and projections to 2035: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a significant health burden in youths and young adults, and the trend toward younger onset of NAFLD is alarming. Utilizing data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study, this study assessed the burden and trends of NAFLD in youths and young adults aged 15-39 from 1990 to 2021 and extracted data from this study on the incidence, prevalence, death, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) rates of NAFLD. We evaluated the global temporal trend of NAFLD from 1990 to 2021 with estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) and age-standardized rate (ASR).

Fatal complications of aortoesophageal fistula caused by pseudoaneurysm following esophageal stent placement: A case report.

Rationale: Aortoesophageal fistula (AEF) is an exceedingly rare yet critically life-threatening condition, with mortality rates nearing 100% if not addressed promptly. AEF often develops in the context of thoracic aortic aneurysms, esophageal malignancies, or as a complication of foreign body ingestion and prior thoracic aortic surgeries. This study reports an exceptionally severe and clinically rare case of AEF associated with a pseudaneurysm induced by esophageal stenting.

Explore Alteration of Lung and Gut Microbiota in a Murine Model of OVA-Induced Asthma Treated by CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides.

Aim: We sought to investigate the impact of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODN) administration on the lung and gut microbiota in asthmatic mice, specifically focusing on changes in composition, diversity, and abundance, and to elucidate the microbial mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of CpG-ODN and identify potential beneficial bacteria indicative of its efficacy.

Methods: HE staining were used to analyze inflammation in lung, colon and small intestine tissues. High-throughput sequencing technology targeting 16S rRNA was employed to analyze the composition, diversity, and correlation of microbiome in the lung, colon and small intestine of control, model and CpG-ODN administration groups.

Investigation on Influence Factors of Photo-Induced PLZT-Based Ion Drag Pump.

The ion drag pump, as one kind of electrohydrodynamic pump, has received considerable attention in fluid applications due to its excellent pumping flow rate and pressure. However, there is a lack of systematic research about the factors that influence pumping performance of the ion drag pump. Here, a photo-induced ion drag pump based on the PLZT ceramic is proposed by combining the photoelectric effect and field emission phenomenon.

Predicting thermodynamic stability of inorganic compounds using ensemble machine learning based on electron configuration.

Machine learning offers a promising avenue for expediting the discovery of new compounds by accurately predicting their thermodynamic stability. This approach provides significant advantages in terms of time and resource efficiency compared to traditional experimental and modeling methods. However, most existing models are constructed based on specific domain knowledge, potentially introducing biases that impact their performance.

Analysis and Prediction of Nonlinear Hysteretic Behaviors of Graphite Magnetorheological Grease at Different Temperatures.

Magnetorheological grease (MRG) is considered a promising alternative to magnetorheological fluids as a smart material because of its higher stability and less leakage. To enhance yield stresses in various applications, graphite is incorporated as an additive, resulting in graphite magnetorheological grease (GMRG). However, the nonlinear hysteresis properties of this new material and its prediction methods have not been investigated.

Overlooked Role of Electrostatic Interactions in HER Kinetics on MXenes: Beyond the Conventional Descriptor Δ ∼ 0 to Identify the Real Active Site.

Understanding the atomic-level mechanism of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) on MXene materials is crucial for developing affordable HER catalysts, while their complex surface terminations present a substantial challenge. Herein, employing constant-potential grand canonical density functional theory calculations, we elucidate the reaction kinetics of the HER on MXenes with various surface terminations by taking experimentally reported MoC as a prototype. We observe a contradictory scenario on MoC MXene when using conventional thermodynamic descriptor Δ (hydrogen binding energy).

Ceftazidime-avibactam resistance in KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae accompanied hypermucoviscosity acquisition.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance and bacterial hypermucoviscosity, associated with escalating production of capsules, constitute major challenges for the clinical management of Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) infections. This study investigates the association and underlying mechanism between ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI) resistance and bacterial hypermucoviscosity in Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing K.

Facilitative preparation of graphene/cellulose aerogels with tunable microwave absorption properties for ultra-lightweight applications.

Graphene aerogels, as a novel type of carbon-based composite material, have shown great potential in the field of wave absorption due to its characteristics of high conductivity, adjustable structure and good corrosion resistance. It is of great significance to precisely control the dielectric properties of graphene aerogel composites by effectively adjusting their microstructures through the preparing process design, ultimately leading to improve their wave-absorbing performances. In this study, two kinds of graphene/cellulose aerogel composites with three-dimensional porous structures, were successfully prepared using graphene and short staple cellulose as raw materials via the freeze-drying method based on the dissolution-regeneration strategy.

Stabilization of High-Valent Molecular Cobalt Sites through Oxidized Phosphorus in Reduced Graphene Oxide for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Catalysis.

Heterogeneous molecular cobalt (Co) sites represent one type of classical catalytic sites for electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline solutions. There are dynamic equilibriums between Co, Co and Co states coupling with OH/H interaction before and during the OER event. Since the emergence of Co sites is detrimental to the OER cycle, the stabilization of high-valent Co sites to shift away from the equilibrium becomes critical and is proposed as a new strategy to enhance OER.

Cyclic-di-GMP induces inflammation and acute lung injury through direct binding to MD2.

Background: Severe bacterial infections can trigger acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome, with bacterial pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) exacerbating the inflammatory response, particularly in COVID-19 patients. Cyclic-di-GMP (CDG), one of the PAMPs, is synthesized by various Gram-positve and Gram-negative bacteria. Previous studies mainly focused on the inflammatory responses triggered by intracellular bacteria-released CDG.

Research on large deformation mechanism of recovery roadway under mining stress conditions.

Single Recovery Roadway (SRR) is a novel retraction technology in the non-pillars mining innovation system. In previous support withdrawing, single recovery roadway was usually replaced by a dual-recovery roadway or cut the coal wall before the support. This study is set against the background of the longwall panel at Duanshi Coal Mine, where a mechanical model based on the stress characteristics of a composite cantilever beam was constructed to analyze the failure of the main roof in a single recovery roadway.

Alantolactone attenuates high-fat diet-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic disease with an increasing incidence, which can further develop into liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma at the end stage. Alantolactone (Ala), a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Asteraceae, has shown anti-inflammatory effects in different models. However, the therapeutic effect of Ala on NAFLD is not clear.

Practice of standardization of CLSI M45 A3 antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Infrequently Isolated or Fastidious Bacteria strains isolated from blood specimens in Guangdong Province 2017-2021.

The concentration of antimicrobial agents in environments like water and food has increased rapidly, which led to a rapid increase in antimicrobial resistance levels in the environment. Monitoring of bacterial resistance levels is considered as a necessary means to control the bacterial resistance. Reference standards are critical for antimicrobial susceptibility testing.

Oxygen Vacancy-Laden Confinement Impact on Degradation of Metal Complexes.

Oxygen vacancies () have been recognized as the superior active site for PS-mediated environmental remediation; however, the formation and activation of associated with the effects of chemical and spatial environments remain ambiguous. Herein, attributing to the low defect-formation energy of in the presence of sulfonate groups, an in situ nucleating -laden CuO nanosheet was deliberately fabricated inside the phase of a sulfonated mesoporous polystyrene substrate (-CuO@SPM). The as-prepared nanocomposite demonstrated an excellent treatment efficiency toward metal complexes [Cu-EDTA as a case] with ignorable Cu(II) leaching, and it can be repeatedly employed for 25 recycles (not limited).

Insight into Impacts of π-π Assembly on Phthalocyanine Based Heterogeneous Molecular Electrocatalysis.

Electrochemical CO reduction (COR) to feedstocks competes with the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) immobilized onto carbon driven by π-π interaction represents a classical type of heterogeneous molecular catalyst for COR. However, the impacts of π conjugation on the electrocatalysis have not been clarified.

Flavokawain B inhibits NF-κB inflammatory signaling pathway activation in inflammatory bowel disease by targeting TLR2.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by recurrent inflammatory reactions in the intestinal mucosa, including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). The expression of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) has been observed to increase during the progression of IBD. Flavokawain B (FKB), a natural chalcone with potent anti-inflammatory activity, exerts its effects through inhibition of the NF-κB pathway.

[Retracted] MicroRNA‑25 protects nucleus pulposus cells against apoptosis via targeting SUMO2 in intervertebral disc degeneration.

Following the publication of this paper, the authors requested that the paper be retracted, specifically on account of deficiencies that were identified both in the documentation of patient records and in written consent pertaining to the data presented in Fig. 1. After having considered the authors' request, the Editor of has agreed that this paper should be retracted from the Journal.

A First-Principles Study of Mechanical and Electronic Properties of CrAlTMN Hard Coatings (TM = Ti, V, Y, Zr, Hf, and Ta).

The structural, mechanical, and electronic properties of cubic CrAlTMN, doped with TM (transition metal) elements (TM = Ti, V, Y, Zr, Hf, and Ta) at low concentrations (x = 0.03 and 0.06), was investigated by first-principles calculations.

Molecular architectures of iron complexes for oxygen reduction catalysis-Activity enhancement by hydroxide ions coupling.

Developing cost-effective and high-performance electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is critical for clean energy generation. Here, we propose an approach to the synthesis of iron phthalocyanine nanotubes (FePc NTs) as a highly active and selective electrocatalyst for ORR. The performance is significantly superior to FePc in randomly aggregated and molecularly dispersed states, as well as the commercial Pt/C catalyst.