Molecular mechanism of high glucose-induced mitochondrial DNA damage in retinal ganglion cells.

Mitochondrial DNA damage in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) may be closely related to lesions of glaucoma. RGCs were cultured with different concentrations of glucose and grouped into 3 groups, namely normal control (NC) group, Low-Glu group, and High-Glu group. Cell viability was measured with cell counting kit-8, and cell apoptosis was measured using flow cytometry.

Explore the molecular mechanism of angle-closure glaucoma in elderly patients induced telomere shortening of retinal ganglion cells through oxidative stress.

Senile glaucoma is a common ophthalmological disease in the elderly. It is a disease of visual papillary perfusion caused by elevated intraocular pressure, complicated by visual dysfunction. Glaucoma can cause serious damage to the normal vision of the elderly.

Hyperglycemia induces retinal ganglion cell endoplasmic reticulum stress to the involvement of glaucoma in diabetic mice.

Unlabelled: Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease leading to visual loss. Since glaucoma is associated with chronic renal diseases (RDs) their rate is higher in patients with RDs, and end-stage RDs (ESRDs) than in the general population and kidney transplant recipients.

Objective: To explore the molecular mechanism of diabetic internal environment in regulating the endoplasmic reticulum stress of the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs).

Overexpression of HTRA1 increases the proliferation and migration of retinal pigment epithelium cells.

Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) mainly affects the central region of retina and has many late-stage manifestations.

Objectives: Age-related macular degeneration is a leading cause of irreversible blindness in older people. The main feature of AMD is retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) degeneration.

Madecassoside protects retinal pigment epithelial cells against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis through the activation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive and degenerative ocular disease associated with oxidative stress. Madecassoside (MADE) is a major bioactive triterpenoid saponin that possesses antioxidative activity. However, the role of MADE in AMD has never been investigated.

Role of mammalian target of rapamycin in regulating HIF-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor signals in glaucoma.

Hypoxia inducible factor subtype 1α (HIF-1α) in retinal tissues is involved in the development of glaucoma. This study examined the role played by mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in regulating expression of HIF-1α and its downstream pathway, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Glaucoma was induced by chronic elevation of intraocular pressure using laser burns in rats.

DKK1 inhibits proliferation and migration in human retinal pigment epithelial cells via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells play important roles in diabetic retinopathy (DR). Dickkopf 1 (DKK1) has been reported to be important in the regulation of cell proliferation and migration. However, there are few previous studies regarding DKK1 in RPE cells.

Oncogenic role of microRNA‑20a in human uveal melanoma.

As a member of the microRNA (miR)-17-92 cluster, miR‑20a has been indicated to be involved in the regulation of the proliferation and invasion of various cancer cells. Previous studies have observed elevated plasma levels of miR‑20a in patients with uveal melanoma (UM), compared with normal controls. In the present study, the potential function of miR‑20a in UM was investigated.

Epithelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (ECAM1) is required in the maintenance of corneal epithelial barrier integrity.

Corneal epithelial barrier integrity is critical in the maintenance of the corneal homeostasis. The corneal barrier dysfunction may be associated with the pathogenesis of a number of eye diseases. In this study, we assessed the expression of epithelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (ECAM1) in human corneal epithelial cells (HCE).

Role of intravitreal inflammatory cytokines and angiogenic factors in proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Objective: Inflammatory reaction has been shown to involve the progress of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes. We, therefore, examined the effects of inflammatory cytokines and angiogenic factors in the pathogenesis of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in type 2 diabetes.

Patients And Methods: Vitreous fluid samples were obtained by vitrectomy from 62 eyes of PDR patients with type 2 diabetes and from 20 eyes of age-matched non-diabetic patients.