Rapid on-site diagnosis of PEDV and PoRV co-infection by gold magnetic nanoparticles-based SERS immunochromatography.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and porcine rotavirus (PoRV) are the two main pathogens causing porcine diarrhea, which are characterized by high morbidity and mortality. Most of the diagnostic methods available are limited to the laboratory or fail to highlight their advantages in terms of target species, detection time, sensitivity, and stability. To meet the demand for rapid on-site diagnosis of PEDV and PoRV co-infection, a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) immunochromatographic sensor based on gold magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) was developed.

Tris stabilized AuNPs based lateral flow immunochromatography for the simultaneous detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and rotavirus on-site.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and rotavirus has posed a significant threat to the pig industry annually across different nations, resulting in huge economic losses. The frequent co-infection of these two viruses in clinical settings complicates the process of differential diagnoses. Rapid and accurate detection of PEDV and rotavirus is in great demand for timely diarrhea disease prevention and control.

Hypovirus infection induces proliferation and perturbs functions of mitochondria in the chestnut blight fungus.

Introduction: The chestnut blight fungus, , and hypovirus have been used as a model to probe the mechanism of virulence and regulation of traits important to the host fungus. Previous studies have indicated that mitochondria could be the primary target of the hypovirus.

Methods: In this study, we report a comprehensive and comparative study comprising mitochondrion quantification, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and respiratory efficiency, and quantitative mitochondrial proteomics of the wild-type and virus-infected strains of the chestnut blight fungus.

Three enigmatic BioH isoenzymes are programmed in the early stage of mycobacterial biotin synthesis, an attractive anti-TB drug target.

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading infectious diseases of global concern, and one quarter of the world's population are TB carriers. Biotin metabolism appears to be an attractive anti-TB drug target. However, the first-stage of mycobacterial biotin synthesis is fragmentarily understood.

The poultry pathogen Riemerella anatipestifer appears as a reservoir for Tet(X) tigecycline resistance.

The transferability of bacterial resistance to tigecycline, the 'last-resort' antibiotic, is an emerging challenge of global health concern. The plasmid-borne tet(X) that encodes a flavin-dependent monooxygenase represents a new mechanism for tigecycline resistance. Natural source for an ongoing family of Tet(X) resistance determinants is poorly understood.

Separation of Heat-Stable Antifungal Factor From Fermentation Broth via Photodegradation and Macroporous Resin Adsorption.

Heat-stable antifungal factor (HSAF) is produced by the fermentation of , which is known for its broad-spectrum antifungal activity and novel mode of action. However, studies on the separation of HSAF have rarely been reported. Herein, alteramide B (the main byproduct) was removed firstly from the fermentation broth by photodegradation to improve the purity of HSAF.

Cloning, expression and characterization of a chitinase from strain UMBR 0002.

Background: Chitinases are enzymes which degrade β-1,4-glycosidid linkages in chitin. The enzymatic degradation of shellfish waste (containing chitin) to chitooligosaccharides is used in industrial applications to generate high-value-added products from such waste. However, chitinases are currently produced with low efficiency and poor tolerance, limiting the industrial utility.

iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis reveals the mechanisms of Botrytis cinerea controlled with Wuyiencin.

Background: Grey mould is an important plant disease worldwide, caused by Botrytis cinerea, resulting in serious economic loss. Wuyiencin, a low toxicity, high efficiency, and broad-spectrum agricultural antibiotic, has been demonstrated effectiveness against B. cinerea.

CpATG8, a Homolog of Yeast Autophagy Protein ATG8, Is Required for Pathogenesis and Hypovirus Accumulation in the Chest Blight Fungus.

Autophagy is a degradation system in the cell, involved in the turnover of cellular components, development, differentiation, immune responses, protection against pathogens, and cell death. Autophagy is induced by nutrient starvation, in which cytoplasmic components and organelles are digested vacuoles/lysosomes. In this study, by using electron microscopy, we observed that hypovirus CHV1-EP713 infection of , the causative agent of chestnut blight disease, caused proliferation of autophagic-like vesicles.

Testis-specific calcium-binding protein CBP86-IV (CABYR) binds with phosphoglycerate kinase 2 in vitro and in vivo experiment.

The investigation of the interacting proteins with testis-specific calcium-binding protein CBP86-IV (CABYR) was carried out in human spermatozoa. The total RNA from human spermatozoa was extracted, and the ORF sequence of TSCBP86-IV gene was amplified and cloned into expression vector pET-28a. The positive recombinant clones were transformed into Escherichia coli strain BL21 (DE3) to express fusion protein.

Cpvma1, a Vacuolar H-ATPase Catalytic Subunit of , is Essential for Virulence and Hypovirus RNA Accumulation.

The vacuolar H-ATPases (V-ATPases) are conserved ATP-dependent proton pumps that acidify intracellular compartments in eukaryotic cells. The role of Cpvma1, a V-ATPase catalytic subunit A of , was investigated by generating -overexpressing and -silenced strains. The mutant strains were evaluated for phenotypic characteristics, V-ATPase activity, response to elevated pH and Ca in the medium, virulence on chestnut, and accumulation of hypovirus RNA in the cells.

Is Essential for Development and Virulence in Chestnut Blight Fungus.

Ubiquitination plays key roles in eukaryotic growth, stress adaptation, and metabolic regulation. In our previous work, ubiquitin was found to be secreted in the hypovirus-infected strain of , a phytopathogenic filamentous fungus responsible for the chestnut blight. Here we report the functional and molecular characterization of a polyubiquitin gene, , in .

Proteomic response of hybrid wild rice to cold stress at the seedling stage.

Low temperature at the seedling stage is a major damaging factor for rice production in southern China. To better understand the cold response of cultivated and wild rice, cold-sensitive cultivar 93-11 (Oryza sativa L. ssp.

Comparative Secretome Analysis Reveals Perturbation of Host Secretion Pathways by a Hypovirus.

To understand the impact of a hypovirus infection on the secretome of the chestnut blight fungus, Cryphonectria parasitica, a phytopathogenic filamentous fungus, two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) technology were employed to identify and quantify the secreted proteins. A total of 403 unique proteins were identified from the secretome of the wild type virus-free strain EP155. Of these proteins, 329 were predicted to be involved in known secretory pathways and they are primarily composed of metabolic enzymes, biological regulators, responders to stimulus and components involved in plant-pathogen interactions.

Low-expressed testis-specific calcium-binding protein CBP86-IV (CABYR) is observed in idiopathic asthenozoospermia.

Objectives: To investigate the expression level of testis-specific calcium-binding protein CBP86-IV in normal and asthenozoospermic human sperm.

Methods: The total RNA was extracted from human sperm, and target cDNA was obtained by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Then the cDNA was used for quantitative PCR analysis and cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pET-28a, respectively.

[Proteomic analysis of Cryphonectria parasitica infected by a virulence-attenuating hypovirus].

Objective: Chestnut blight fungus Cryphonectria parasitica and hypovirus constitute a model system to study fungal pathogenesis and host-virus interaction. Proteomic analysis of chestnut blight fungus upon hypovirus infection was conducted to find the differentially expressed host proteins.

Methods: According to the characteristics of this filamentous fungus, an optimized extraction protocol for fungal total protein was developed.

[Assessment of accuracy of parents' perception of their 4-36 months old children's picky eating behavior].

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of parents' perception of whether their child is a picky eater and the specific food category the children avoideating according to the food frequency questionnaire.

Methods: This research selected 1 663 infants aged 4-36 months receiving non-diary complimentary food from maternal, infants, nutrition and growth study (MING Study) in 8 Chinese cities in which a combination of systematic cluster random sampling and purposive sampling was used. The general information, dietary status and picky eating status were collected through a self-designed questionnaire from the caregiver of the children.

Δ(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate/glutamate biogenesis is required for fungal virulence and sporulation.

Proline dehydrogenase (Prodh) and Δ(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase (P5Cdh) are two key enzymes in the cellular biogenesis of glutamate. Recombinant Prodh and P5Cdh proteins of the chestnut blight fungus Cryphonectria parasitica were investigated and showed activity in in vitro assays. Additionally, the C.

Comparative proteomic study between human normal motility sperm and idiopathic asthenozoospermia.

Purpose: Idiopathic asthenozoospermia is considered as one of the causes of male infertility and characterized by reduced sperm motility. For a better determination of pathogenic mechanism of asthenozoospermia, the exploration of differentially expressed proteins in normal sperm motility and idiopathic asthenozoospermia was conducted in our study.

Methods: Sperm proteins were extracted and isolated by two-dimensional electrophoresis.

Comparative vesicle proteomics reveals selective regulation of protein expression in chestnut blight fungus by a hypovirus.

The chestnut blight fungus (Cryphonectria parasitica) and hypovirus constitute a model system to study fungal pathogenesis and mycovirus-host interaction. Knowledge in this field has been gained largely from investigations at gene transcription level so far. Here we report a systematic analysis of the vesicle proteins of the host fungus with/without hypovirus infection.

Functional analysis of an S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase homolog of chestnut blight fungus.

S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), formed after donation of the methyl group of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to a methyl acceptor, is reversibly hydrolyzed to adenosine (ADO) and homocysteine (HCY) by S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (SAHH). In chestnut blight fungus (Cryphonectria parasitica), sahh, a hypovirus-regulated gene that encodes a deduced SAHH protein was shown to have an SAHH enzymatic activity in vitro. Deletion of sahh resulted in the increased accumulation of intracellular SAH and SAM but decreased ADO, and a remarkably increased accumulation of transcripts that encode adenosine kinase, methionine adenosyltransferase, and an O-methyltransferase, key components of the methylation pathway.

MoDUO1, a Duo1-like gene, is required for full virulence of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae.

Duo1, a major component of the Dam1 complex which has been found in two species of yeast (the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisae and the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe), is involved in mitosis-related chromosome segregation, while its relevance to pathogenicity in filamentous fungi remains unclear. This report elucidated this very fact in the case of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. A gene designated MoDUO1 that encodes a Duo1-like homolog (MoDuo1) was discovered in the M.

Isolation and characterization of an AGAMOUS-like gene from Hosta plantaginea.

Based on genetic and molecular analyses, the ABC model was proposed to explain the genetic control of floral development. The C-class MADS box gene AGAMOUS (AG) plays crucial roles in Arabidopsis thaliana development through regulation of the organ identity of stamens and gynoecium. The present research reports for the first time the cloning of an AG homologue (HpAG) from Hosta plantaginea Aschers.

X-ray crystallographic characterization of rhesus macaque MHC Mamu-A*02 complexed with an immunodominant SIV-Gag nonapeptide.

Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) in the rhesus macaque is regarded as a classic animal model, playing a crucial role in HIV vaccine strategies and therapeutics by characterizing various cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses in macaque monkeys. However, the availability of well documented structural reports focusing on rhesus macaque major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) molecules remains extremely limited. Here, a complex of the rhesus macaque MHC I molecule (Mamu-A*02) with human beta2m and an immunodominant SIV-Gag nonapeptide, GESNLKSLY (GY9), has been crystallized.

Biochemical and biophysical characterization of the transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus fusion core.

Transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (TGEV) is one of the most destructive agents, responsible for the enteric infections that are lethal for suckling piglets, causing enormous economic loss to the porcine fostering industry every year. Although it has been known that TGEV spiker protein is essential for the viral entry for many years, the detail knowledge of the TGEV fusion protein core is still very limited. Here, we report that TGEV fusion core (HR1-SGGRGG-HR2), in vitro expressed in GST prokaryotic expression system, shares the typical properties of the trimer of coiled-coil heterodimer (six alpha-helix bundle), which has been confirmed by a combined series of biochemical and biophysical evidences including size exclusion chromatography (gel-filtration), chemical crossing, and circular diagram.