Associations between PM, ambient heat exposure and congenital hydronephrosis in southeastern China.

Objectives: This research aims to analyze how exposure to fine particulate matter (PM5) and ambient heat during pregnancy increases the risk of congenital hydronephrosis (CH) in newborns.

Methods: A case-control study was conducted to investigate the relationship between exposure to PM and ambient heat during pregnancy and the occurrence of CH in newborns. The study, which was conducted from 2015 to 2020, included 409 infants with CH as the case group and 409 infants without any abnormalities as the control group.

[A multi-center epidemiological study on pneumococcal meningitis in children from 2019 to 2020].

Objectives: To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of pneumococcal meningitis (PM), and drug sensitivity of (SP) isolates in Chinese children.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical information, laboratory data, and microbiological data of 160 hospitalized children under 15 years old with PM from January 2019 to December 2020 in 33 tertiary hospitals across the country.

Results: Among the 160 children with PM, there were 103 males and 57 females.

Association between gestational exposure and risk of orofacial clefts: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The occurrence of orofacial Clefts (OFCs) is a congenital disease caused by many factors. According to recent studies, air pollution has a strong correlation with the occurrence of OFCs. However, there are still some controversies about the current research results, and there is no relevant research to review the latest results in recent years.

Association between air pollutants and birth defects in Xiamen, China.

Objective: To explore the relationship between common air pollution and common birth defects, and to provide reference for the prevention of birth defects.

Methods: We conducted a case-control study in Xiamen, a city in southeastern China from 2019 to 2020. Logistics regression was used to analyze the relationship between sulfur dioxide(SO), fine particulate matter 2.

Fast and visual detection of nucleic acids using a one-step RPA-CRISPR detection (ORCD) system unrestricted by the PAM.

CRISPR-Cas12a (Cpf1) is widely used for pathogen detection. However, most Cas12a nucleic acid detection methods are limited by a PAM sequence requirement. Moreover, preamplification and Cas12a cleavage are separate.

Long-term Pegylated GH for Children With GH Deficiency: A Large, Prospective, Real-world Study.

Context: The evidence of long-term polyethylene glycol recombinant human GH (PEG-rhGH) in pediatric GH deficiency (GHD) is limited.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the effectiveness and safety of long-term PEG-rhGH in children with GHD in the real world, as well as to examine the effects of dose on patient outcomes.

Design: A prospective, observational, posttrial study (NCT03290235).

Short-term efficacy and safety of a lower dose of polyethylene glycol recombinant human growth hormone in children with growth hormone deficiency: A randomized, dose-comparison study.

Polyethylene glycol recombinant human growth hormone (PEG-rhGH, Jintrolong) is the first long-acting rhGH preparation that is approved to treat children with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) in China. Clinical experience with dose selections of PEG-rhGH is scarce. The present study compared the efficacy and safety of a lower dose to increase dosing regimens of PEG-rhGH treatment.

Ozone Exposure and Asthma Attack in Children.

Background: Increasing evidence indicated that ozone (O) exposure could trigger asthma attacks in children. However, the effect of O at low concentrations is uncertain.

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the effects of O exposure at low concentrations on asthma attacks in children.

Environmental and sensitization variations among asthma and/or rhinitis patients between 2008 and 2018 in China.

Background: Little is known about the changes in allergen sensitization in China secondary to the environmental variations over the past decade. We aimed at investigating the variations in sensitization among asthma and/or rhinitis patients in China between 2008 and 2018.

Methods: This study analyzed cross-sectional data from national surveys conducted in China in 2008 and 2018.

Rapid and Simple Analysis of the Human Pepsin Secondary Structure Using a Portable Raman Spectrometer.

Human pepsin is a digestive protease that plays an important role in the human digestive system. The secondary structure of human pepsin determines its bioactivity. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of human pepsin secondary structure changes is particularly important for the further improvement of the efficiency of human pepsin biological function.

Dual molecular diagnosis of tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome type I and Okur-Chung neurodevelopmental syndrome in one Chinese patient: a case report.

Background: Okur-Chung neurodevelopmental syndrome (OCNDS) and tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome type I (TRPSI) are rare Mendelian diseases. OCNDS is caused by CSNK2A1 gene variants and TRPSI is caused by the TRPS1gene. However, to have two Mendelian diseases in one patient is even rarer.

IRF4 and STAT3 activities are associated with the imbalanced differentiation of T-cells in responses to inhalable particulate matters.

Background: Particulate Matter (PM) is known to cause inflammatory responses in human. Although prior studies verified the immunogenicity of PM in cell lines and animal models, the effectors of PM exposure in the respiratory system and the regulators of the immunogenicity of PM is not fully elucidated.

Methods: To identify the potential effector of PM exposure in human respiratory system and to better understand the biology of the immunogenicity of PM, We performed gene-expression profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 171 heathy subjects in northern China to identify co-expressed gene modules associated with PM exposure.

Whole Exome Sequencing Identifies a Novel Mutation of TPK1 in a Chinese Family with Recurrent Ataxia.

TPK deficiency, also known as thiamine metabolism dysfunction syndrome 5, is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of inborn error of metabolism caused by TPK1 gene mutation. Its clinical manifestation is highly variable, ranging from spontaneous remission to fatal metabolic crisis. Here, we describe two affected siblings in a Chinese family presenting with recurrent episodes of acute ataxia.

Heme oxygenase-1 alleviates eosinophilic inflammation by inhibiting STAT3-SOCS3 signaling.

Airway inflammation of eosinophilic asthma (EA) attributes to Th2 response, leaving the role of Th17 response unknown. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) induce both suppressors of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) and retinoic acid receptor-related orphan nuclear receptor γ (RORγt) to initiate Th17 cell differentiation which is inhibited by SOCS3, a negative feedback regulator of STAT3. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a stress-responsive, cytoprotective, and immunoregulatory molecular.

Multi-Factor Analysis of Single-Center Asthma Control in Xiamen, China.

We evaluated the effects of air pollutants, age, allergic history, family allergic history, treatment, treatment steps, and compliance on uncontrolled childhood asthma in Xiamen, China. The clinical data of children with asthma in the pediatric outpatient department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University from January 2016 to June 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. According to the assessment of the patients' outcome including well-controlled, partly-controlled and uncontrolled, 7,211 cases of 3,268 patients were selected.

Fulminant Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Caused by Drug Reaction With Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS): A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), also known as drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS) is a rare, severe cutaneous adverse drug reaction characterized by fever, skin rashes, lymphadenopathy, leukocytosis with eosinophilia, and/or atypical lymphocytosis, and multiple visceral organ involvement. Moreover, patients with DRESS are at risk of developing autoimmune diseases including thyroiditis, diabetes mellitus (DM), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), etc. several weeks or months after the initial resolution.

Diagnosis and treatment of herpangina: Chinese expert consensus.

Background: Herpangina is a common infectious disease in childhood caused by an enterovirus. This consensus is aiming to standardize and improve herpangina prevention and clinical diagnosis.

Methods: The Subspecialty Group of Infectious Diseases, the Society of Pediatric, Chinese Medical Association and Nation Medical Quality Control Center for Infectious Diseases gathered 20 experts to develop the consensus, who are specialized in diagnosis and treatment of herpangina.

Effects of particulate matter (PM) on childhood asthma exacerbation and control in Xiamen, China.

Background: The short-term effects of particulate matter (PM) exposure on childhood asthma exacerbation and disease control rate is not thoroughly assessed in Chinese population yet. The previous toxic effects of PM exposure are either based on long-term survey or experimental data from cell lines or mouse models, which also needs to be validated by real-world evidences.

Methods: We evaluated the short-term effects of PM exposure on asthma exacerbation in a Chinese population of 3106 pediatric outpatientsand disease control rate (DCR) in a population of 3344 children using case-crossover design.

Intelligent diagnosis with Chinese electronic medical records based on convolutional neural networks.

Background: Benefiting from big data, powerful computation and new algorithmic techniques, we have been witnessing the renaissance of deep learning, particularly the combination of natural language processing (NLP) and deep neural networks. The advent of electronic medical records (EMRs) has not only changed the format of medical records but also helped users to obtain information faster. However, there are many challenges regarding researching directly using Chinese EMRs, such as low quality, huge quantity, imbalance, semi-structure and non-structure, particularly the high density of the Chinese language compared with English.

Effects of particulate matter on allergic respiratory diseases.

The health impact of airborne particulate matter (PM) has long been a concern to clinicians, biologists, and the general public. With many epidemiological studies confirming the association of PM with allergic respiratory diseases, an increasing number of follow-up empirical studies are being conducted to investigate the mechanisms underlying the toxic effects of PM on asthma and allergic rhinitis. In this review, we have briefly introduced the characteristics of PM and discussed its effects on public health.

Identification of IL2RG and CYBB mutations in two Chinese primary immunodeficiency patients by whole-exome sequencing.

Background: Primary immunodeficiency diseases are a group of genetic disorders that lead to increased propensity to a variety of infections, sometimes with fatal outcomes.

Method: In this study, whole-exome sequencing (WES) was used to identify mutations in two patients suspected of having primary immunodeficiency. Sanger sequencing was used to confirm the results in the patients and their family.

Fragment-wise design of inhibitors to 3C proteinase from enterovirus 71.

Background: Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is a causative agent of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD), which can spread its infection to central nervous and other systems with severe consequence. A key factor in the replication of EV71 is its 3C proteinase (3C(pro)), a significant drug target. Peptidomimetics were employed as inhibitors of this enzyme for developing antivirals.