Inferring transcriptomic dynamics implicated in odor fatty acid accumulation in adipose tissue of Hulun Buir sheep from birth to market.

This study aimed to investigate the temporal accumulation of odor fatty acids (OFAs) in the dorsal subcutaneous adipose tissue, and uncover their dynamic regulatory metabolic pathways from the transcriptomic perspective in lambs from birth to market. Thirty-two Hulun Buir lambs were selected and randomly assigned to four different sampling stages following their growth trajectories: neonatal (day 1), weaning (day 75), mid-fattening (day 150), and late-fattening (day 180) stages. Results indicated that the contents of three OFAs increased progressively as lambs matured, with the most drastic change occurred at mid-fattening vs.

Ecological niches and assembly dynamics of diverse microbial consortia in the gastrointestine of goat kids.

Goats are globally invaluable ruminants that balance food security and environmental impacts, and their commensal microbiome residing in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is associated with animal health and productivity. However, the reference genomes and functional repertoires of GIT microbes in goat kids have not been fully elucidated. Herein, we performed a comprehensive landscape survey of the GIT microbiome of goat kids using metagenomic sequencing and binning, spanning a dense sampling regime covering three gastrointestinal compartments spatially and five developmental ages temporally.

Microbiome-transcriptome analysis reveals that dietary supplementation with macleaya cordata extract alters multiple immune pathways with minimal impact on microbial structure.

Background: As a potential antibiotic alternative, macleaya cordata extract (MCE) has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. This study was conducted to assess the impact of MCE supplementation on the gut microbiota and its interplay with the host in young goats. Thirty female black goats with similar body weight (5.

Compared to antibiotic, feeding peony byproducts can improve growth performance, rumen fermentation, slaughter parameters, and meat quality of lambs.

Our objective was to determine effects of feeding lamb's peony byproducts, including stem and leaves (PSL), root (PR), and seeds meal (PSM), on growth, rumen fermentation, slaughter parameters, and meat quality. Sixty-four lambs (14.0 ± 2.

Temporal changes in muscle characteristics during growth in the goat.

This study aimed to explore the temporal accumulative process of functional components and take insight into their dynamic regulatory metabolic pathways in the longissimus during growth in goats. Results showed that the intermuscular fat content, cross-sectional area and fast- to slow-switch fiber ratio of the longissimus were synchronously increased from d1 to d90. The dynamic profiles of functional components and transcriptomic pathways of the longissimus both exhibited two distinct phases during animal development.

The expression of nutrient chemosensing gate molecules in the ileum and colon is altered for goats fed on a high-grain diet.

Limited knowledge is clarified about alterations in the related expression of nutrient chemosensors in the distal small intestine and hindgut under a high-grain (HG) diet in small ruminants. Herein, this study was performed to investigate the expression changes related to nutrient sensing and transport in the ileal and colonic epithelium of goats in response to feeding an HG diet. Twelve Liuyang black goats (similar age and weight) were randomly assigned into two groups: an HG diet (concentrate: hay = 90:10) and a CON diet (concentrate: hay = 55:45).

Rumen-protected glucose supplementation in transition dairy cows shifts fermentation patterns and enhances mucosal immunity.

Manipulation of perinatal diets, such as supplementing feed with rumen-protected glucose (RPG), has been positively regarded as a strategy to improve milking performance. This study was conducted to assess the effects of RPG on the fermentation profiles, resident microbiota and mucosal immunity in the cecum. Ten Holstein dairy cows were randomly assigned to either a 25 g/kg RPG diet (DM basis) or a 11 g/kg coating fat diet (control, CON).

Substitution of ramie () for alfalfa in improving the carcass and meat quality of Liuyang Black goats.

Ramie () is noted for the production of a large biomass that has a high protein content and is rich in antioxidants. It may thus serve as a high-quality forage material to replace alfalfa and improve the meat quality of farmed animals. In this study, we evaluated the carcass characteristics and meat quality of goats when 0, 35%, 75%, and 100% of dietary alfalfa was replaced with ramie.

Distribution of free amino acids and mRNA expression of their corresponding transporters in the intestinal mucosa of goats feeding on a corn grain versus corn gluten diet.

Background: Intestinal amino acid (AA) chemosensing has been implicated in the regulation of AA absorption, nitrogen metabolism and hormone release, thereby playing an indispensable role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis in mammals. The objective of this experiment was to study the distribution of free AA and the expression of AA transporting related genes along the small and large intestines of Liuyang black goats, together with the effects of dietary corn grain replaced by dietary corn gluten feed (CGF).

Results: The CGF replacement did not alter (P > 0.

Dietary amylose:amylopectin ratio influences the expression of amino acid transporters and enzyme activities for amino acid metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract of goats.

This study was designed to investigate the effects of dietary starch structure on muscle protein synthesis and gastrointestinal amino acid (AA) transport and metabolism of goats. Twenty-seven Xiangdong black female goats (average body weight = 9·00 ± 1·12 kg) were randomly assigned to three treatments, i.e.

Correction: Martinez-Fernandez et al. Seasonal and Nutrient Supplement Responses in Rumen Microbiota Structure and Metabolites of Tropical Rangeland Cattle. 2020, , 1550.

We have found one inadvertent error in our paper published in [...

Seasonal and Nutrient Supplement Responses in Rumen Microbiota Structure and Metabolites of Tropical Rangeland Cattle.

This study aimed to characterize the rumen microbiota structure of cattle grazing in tropical rangelands throughout seasons and their responses in rumen ecology and productivity to a N-based supplement during the dry season. Twenty pregnant heifers grazing during the dry season of northern Australia were allocated to either N-supplemented or un-supplemented diets and monitored through the seasons. Rumen fluid, blood, and feces were analyzed before supplementation (mid-dry season), after two months supplementation (late-dry season), and post supplementation (wet season).

Diet with a High Proportion of Rice Alters Profiles and Potential Function of Digesta-Associated Microbiota in the Ileum of Goats.

Effects of a high proportion of concentrate in the diet on the ileal microbiota and metabolites in small ruminants are rarely reported. This study was designed to investigate the ileal microbiota and its relationship with host metabolic function in goats and aimed to elucidate the mechanisms involving in the ileal adaptation to a diet containing a high proportion of rice. Sixteen goats were equally divided into two groups and fed a diet with a normal concentrate proportion (NC, 55% concentrate) or a high-concentrate diet (HC, 90% concentrate).

Integrative plasma proteomic and microRNA analysis of Jersey cattle in response to high-altitude hypoxia.

Blood has been widely collected and analyzed for diagnosing and monitoring diseases in humans and animals; a range of plasma proteins and peptide can be used as biomarkers to describe pathological or physiological status. Changes in the environment such as high-altitude hypoxia (HAH) can lead to adaptive changes in the blood system of mammals. However, the adaptation mechanism induced by HAH remains unclear.

Linkages between Epithelial Microbiota and Host Transcriptome in the Ileum during High-Grain Challenges: Implications for Gut Homeostasis in Goats.

A high-grain (HG) diet can result in ruminal subacute acidosis, which is detrimental to gut health and can lead to decreased productivity. This study investigated the ileal epithelial microbiota and its relationship with host epithelial function in goats fed a HG diet (concentrate/hay, 90:10) and a control diet (concentrate/hay, 55:45), aiming to elucidate the mechanisms involved in ileal adaptation to subacute acidosis. The HG challenge increased the ileal volatile fatty acid concentration ( p = 0.

Rhubarb Supplementation Promotes Intestinal Mucosal Innate Immune Homeostasis through Modulating Intestinal Epithelial Microbiota in Goat Kids.

The abuse and misuse of antibiotics in livestock production pose a potential health risk globally. Rhubarb can serve as a potential alternative to antibiotics, and several studies have looked into its anticancer, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to test the effects of rhubarb supplementation to the diet of young ruminants on innate immune function and epithelial microbiota in the small intestine.

Molecular hydrogen generated by elemental magnesium supplementation alters rumen fermentation and microbiota in goats.

We tested the hypotheses that supplementation of a diet with elemental Mg increases ruminal dissolved H2 (dH2) in rumen fluid, which in turn alters rumen fermentation and microbial community in goats. In a randomised block design, twenty growing goats were allocated to two treatments fed the same basal diet with 1·45 % Mg(OH)2 or 0·6 % elemental Mg. After 28 d of adaptation, we collected total faeces to measure total tract digestibility, rumen contents to analyse fermentation end products and microbial groups, and measured methane (CH4) emission using respiration chambers.

Shifts in Host Mucosal Innate Immune Function Are Associated with Ruminal Microbial Succession in Supplemental Feeding and Grazing Goats at Different Ages.

Gastrointestinal microbiota may play an important role in regulating host mucosal innate immune function. This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that age (non-rumination, transition and rumination) and feeding type [Supplemental feeding (S) vs. Grazing (G)] could alter ruminal microbial diversity and maturation of host mucosal innate immune system in goat kids.

Investigation and manipulation of metabolically active methanogen community composition during rumen development in black goats.

This study was performed to investigate the initial colonization of metabolically active methanogens and subsequent changes in four fractions: the rumen solid-phase (RS), liquid-phase (RL), protozoa-associated (RP), and epithelium-associated (RE) from 1 to 60 d after birth, and manipulate methanogen community by early weaning on 40 d and supplementing rhubarb from 40 to 60 d in black goats. The RNA-based real-time quantitative PCR and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing were employed to indicate the metabolically active methanogens. Results showed that active methanogens colonized in RL and RE on 1 d after birth.

Changes in Metabolically Active Bacterial Community during Rumen Development, and Their Alteration by Rhubarb Root Powder Revealed by 16S rRNA Amplicon Sequencing.

The objective of this present study was to explore the initial establishment of metabolically active bacteria and subsequent evolution in four fractions: rumen solid-phase (RS), liquid-phase (RL), protozoa-associated (RP), and epithelium-associated (RE) through early weaning and supplementing rhubarb root powder in 7 different age groups (1, 10, 20, 38, 41, 50, and 60 d) during rumen development. Results of the 16S rRNA sequencing based on RNA isolated from the four fractions revealed that the potentially active bacterial microbiota in four fractions were dominated by the phyla , and regardless of different ages. An age-dependent increment of Chao 1 richness was observed in the fractions of RL and RE.

Composition of Ileal Bacterial Community in Grazing Goats Varies across Non-rumination, Transition and Rumination Stages of Life.

The establishment of gut microbiota is increasingly recognized as a crucial action in neonatal development, host health and productivity. We hypothesized that the ileal microbiome shifted as goats matured, and this colonization process would be associated with host fermentation capacity. To this end, 18 Liuyang black grazing goats were randomly slaughtered at d 0, 7, 28, 42, and 70.

Inferring the Skeletal Muscle Developmental Changes of Grazing and Barn-Fed Goats from Gene Expression Data.

Thirty-six Xiangdong black goats were used to investigate age-related mRNA and protein expression levels of some genes related to skeletal muscle structural proteins, MRFs and MEF2 family, and skeletal muscle fiber type and composition during skeletal muscle growth under grazing (G) and barn-fed (BF) feeding systems. Goats were slaughtered at six time points selected to reflect developmental changes of skeletal muscle during nonrumination (days 0, 7, and 14), transition (day 42), and rumination phases (days 56 and 70). It was observed that the number of type IIx in the longissimus dorsi was increased quickly while numbers of type IIa and IIb decreased slightly, indicating that these genes were coordinated during the rapid growth and development stages of skeletal muscle.