Multi frame holograms batched optimization for binary phase spatial light modulators.

Phase retrieval methods used in computer generated holograms such as Gerchberg-Saxton and gradient descent give results which are prone to noise and other defects. This work builds up on the idea of time-averaging multiple hologram frames, first introduced in methods like One-Step Phase-Retrieval and Adaptive One-Step Phase-Retrieval. The proposed technique called Multi-Frame Holograms Batched Optimization uses the L-BFGS optimization algorithm to simultaneously generate a batch of binary phase holograms which result in an average reconstructed image of improved fidelity and fast algorithmic convergence, both in the Fraunhoffer and the Fresnel regimes.

Multi-depth phase-only hologram optimization using the L-BFGS algorithm with sequential slicing.

We implement a limited-memory Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno (L-BFGS) optimization of phase-only computer-generated hologram for a multi-depth three-dimensional (3D) target. Instead of computing the full 3D reconstruction of the hologram, we use a novel method using L-BFGS with sequential slicing (SS) for partial evaluation of the hologram during optimization that only computes loss for a single slice of the reconstruction at every iteration. We demonstrate that its ability to record curvature information enables L-BFGS to have good quality imbalance suppression under the SS technique.