Adolescence Predatory Risk Alters Social Behaviors and Cognitive Ability and Central Oxytocin and Vasopressin Expression in Adult Brandt's Voles.

Introduction: Stress during adolescence causes long-term behavioral changes in adulthood. We previously found that adolescent exposure to predatory risk augments adolescent social contact and adult parental behavior in Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii).

Methods: Here, we determined whether this experience alters sexual behavior, pair-bond formation, and recognition ability as well as basal HPA axis activity, central oxytocin (OT), and arginine-vasopressin (AVP) expression in adulthood.

Interspecific differences in sociability, social novelty preference, anxiety- and depression-like behaviors between Brandt's voles and C57BL/6J mice.

The three-chamber test has been widely used to investigate social approach/novelty preference in rodents. Most studies have used the briefly familiar and unfamiliar individuals as stimuli to examine social recognition; however, little is known about the effects of long-term familiar peers in this paradigm. In the present study, we made a slight modification to it: the first phase measured preference for a cage-mate (not a novel individual) over an identical wire cage without an individual stimulus; the later phase measured preference for a novel individual placed in the previous empty wire cage compared to the cage-mate (not the briefly familiar individual).

Effects of wheat flour particle size on flour physicochemical properties and steamed bread quality.

In this study, differently sized particles of wheat flour (from 52.36 μm to 108.89 μm) were obtained by adjusting the distance between the rolls (0.

Postpartum maternal exposure to predator odor alters offspring antipredator behavior, basal HPA axis activity and immunoglobulin levels in adult Brandt's voles.

Predation risk can program offspring behavior, physiology, and fitness through maternal effect, but most studies have mainly focused on this effect during pregnancy; little is known about the effect of postpartum predation risk on offspring's phenotype. Here, we compared the antipredator behaviors of adult offspring (approximately 90 days old) produced by female Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii) exposed to one of three treatments: cat odor (CO), rabbit odor (RO), and distilled water (DW) for 60 min daily from postpartum day 1-18. Basal levels of plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone (CORT), hypothalamic corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH), as well as spleen immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM, and IgG) were also measured.

Effects of vacuum degree, mixing speed, and water amount on the moisture distribution and rheological properties of wheat flour dough.

Effects of vacuum degrees (0.00, 0.02, 0.

Effects of wheat flour particle size on physicochemical properties and quality of noodles.

The effect of particle size on the physicochemical and noodle quality of wheat flours was investigated. Granular wheat flour was ground by adjusting the distance between the rolls (0.02, 0.

Ultrafine grinding of wheat flour: Effect of flour/starch granule profiles and particle size distribution on falling number and pasting properties.

In the present paper, the properties of different ultrafine flour samples, including particle size distribution, damaged starch content, falling number, and pasting properties, were examined. The results indicated that the particle size decreased significantly after jet milling, as the rotation speed and grinding time increased, and the damaged starch content significantly increased as the size of the flour/starch decreased; this is in contrast to the significant decrease in falling number. Significant differences in pasting temperature were observed between straight-grade flour (68.