Synthesis of Novel Zwitterionic Surfactants: Achieving Enhanced Water Resistance and Adhesion in Emulsion Polymer Adhesives.

Recent advancements in polymer materials have enabled the synthesis of bio-based monomers from renewable resources, promoting sustainable alternatives to fossil-based materials. This study presents a novel zwitterionic surfactant, SF, derived from 10-undecenoic acid obtained from castor oil through a four-step reaction, achieving a yield of 78%. SF has a critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 1235 mg/L, slightly higher than the commercial anionic surfactant Rhodacal DS-4 (sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate), and effectively stabilizes monomer droplets, leading to excellent conversion and stable latex formation.

Effect of individualized versus conventional perioperative blood pressure management on postoperative major complications in high-risk patients undergoing noncardiac surgery: study protocol for the SPROUT-4 multicenter randomized controlled trial.

Background: Intraoperative hypotension is very common during surgery and is linked to major organ dysfunction and mortality. Current perioperative blood pressure management is largely based on universal blood pressure thresholds ranging from a mean arterial pressure of 60-70 mmHg. However, the effectiveness of this conventional management remains unproven in prospective randomized trials.

Development of a One-Step Multiplex qPCR Assay for Detection of Methicillin and Vancomycin Drug Resistance Genes in Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria.

The most common antibiotic-resistant bacteria in Korea are methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). Pathogen identification in clinical laboratories can be divided into traditional phenotype- and genotype-based methods, both of which are complementary to each other. The genotype-based method using multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a rapid and accurate technique that analyzes material at the genetic level by targeting genes simultaneously.

Mechanical and Fatigue Properties of Welded Fe-Mn-Si Shape Memory Alloys.

This paper presents the experimental results of a study evaluating the mechanical and fatigue performance of welded Fe-Mn-Si SMA. For the experimental study, welded and welded-and-heat-treated Fe-Mn-Si SMA specimens were fabricated, and fatigue tests were performed at various stress amplitudes. In addition, direct tensile tests and recovery stress tests were also performed to evaluate the material properties of Fe-Mn-Si SMAs.

The influence of sex on the dosage of remimazolam co-administered with remifentanil for loss of consciousness in adult patients: an up-and-down sequential allocation trial.

Background: This study aimed to determine the 50% effective dose of remimazolam co-administered with remifentanil for loss of consciousness in men and women as well as to investigate whether there are between-sex differences.

Methods: Using a modified Dixon's up-and-down allocation approach, we sequentially enrolled male and female patients aged 19-60 years with American Society of Anesthesiologists class I or II who were scheduled for robotic surgery. For both sexes, the starting remimazolam dose was 0.

Preoperative frailty assessment with ultrasound in elderly patients scheduled for total knee arthroplasty.

Background: Frailty, a decline in physical and cognitive reserve capacity, renders patients susceptible to various stressors and has been linked to adverse outcomes and increased healthcare utilization. This study aimed to determine whether ultrasound measurements of the rectus abdominis (RA) and biceps brachii (BB) could predict frailty in patients scheduled for total knee arthroplasty.

Methods: Frailty was assessed using the Clinical Frailty Scale in adults aged ≥60 years.

Handheld ultrasound-assisted versus palpation-guided combined spinal-epidural for labor analgesia: a randomized controlled trial.

Preprocedural ultrasound assistance can enhance the efficacy of neuraxial anesthesia in obstetrics. We investigated whether the use of handheld ultrasound can shorten the procedural time of labor combined spinal-epidural (CSE) analgesia compared with conventional landmark-guided methods. Eighty-four women requesting labor analgesia were randomly assigned to either handheld ultrasound-assisted or palpation-guided CSE analgesia.

Correlation Between Pain Intensity and Quality of Recovery After Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery for Lung Cancer Resection.

Purpose: The Quality of Recovery-15 (QoR-15) questionnaire provides a multifaceted assessment of postoperative recovery, and the resulting score is recommended as an endpoint in clinical studies focused on postoperative pain. We aimed to investigate the correlation between the QoR-15 score and postoperative pain intensity in surgical patients.

Patients And Methods: Adult patients who underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for lung cancer resection and were enrolled in a prospective registry or in a previous prospective study were included in this study.

Comparison between low-volume local anesthetic with intravenous dexamethasone and conventional volume without dexamethasone for superior trunk block after arthroscopic shoulder surgery: a randomized controlled non-inferiority trial.

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate whether low-volume local anesthetic with intravenous dexamethasone can reduce the incidence of diaphragmatic paresis while maintaining the analgesic duration compared with conventional volume of local anesthetic without intravenous dexamethasone when performing ultrasound-guided superior trunk block in patients undergoing arthroscopic shoulder surgery.

Methods: Eighty-four adult patients undergoing arthroscopic shoulder surgery under general anesthesia were randomly assigned to receive ultrasound-guided superior trunk block using 7 mL of 0.5% ropivacaine with 0.

Intraoperative neurological pupil index and postoperative delirium and neurologic adverse events after cardiac surgery: an observational study.

Neurological pupil index (NPi) calculated by automated pupillometry predicts clinical outcomes in critically ill patients. However, there are few data on intraoperative NPi and postoperative outcome after cardiac surgery. We evaluated the relationships between intraoperative NPi and clinical outcomes, such as delirium, in cardiac surgery patients.

Effects of intraoperative inspired oxygen fraction (FiO 0.3 vs 0.8) on patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting: the CARROT multicenter, cluster-randomized trial.

Background: To maintain adequate oxygenation is of utmost importance in intraoperative care. However, clinical evidence supporting specific oxygen levels in distinct surgical settings is lacking. This study aimed to compare the effects of 30% and 80% oxygen in off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB).

Comparison of remimazolam and dexmedetomidine for intraoperative sedation in patients undergoing lower extremity surgery under spinal anesthesia: a randomized clinical trial.

Background: Dexmedetomidine sedation has advantages, such as low incidence of respiratory depression and prolonged block duration, but also significant disadvantages, such as slow onset, high rate of sedation failure, and a long context-sensitive half-life. Remimazolam provides rapid sedation and recovery, high sedation efficacy and has minimal hemodynamic effects. We hypothesized that patients who received remimazolam would require less rescue midazolam than dexmedetomidine.

Relationships between common carotid artery blood flow and anesthesia, pneumoperitoneum, and head-down tilt position: a linear mixed-effect analysis.

Unlabelled: This study investigated the effects of pneumoperitoneum and the head-down tilt position on common carotid artery (CCA) blood flow in surgical patients.

Methods: This prospective observational study included 20 patients who underwent gynecological surgery. CCA blood flow was measured using Doppler ultrasound at four-time points: awake in the supine position [T1], 3 min after anesthesia induction in the supine position [T2], 3 min after pneumoperitoneum in the supine position [T3], and 3 min after pneumoperitoneum in the head-down tilt position [T4].

Relationship between intraoperative tidal volume and acute kidney injury following off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting: A retrospective observational study.

The effect of intraoperative tidal volume (VT) on clinical outcomes after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) has not been studied. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between intraoperative tidal volume (VT) and acute kidney injury (AKI ) after OPCAB. A total of 1049 patients who underwent OPCAB between January 2009 and December 2018 were analyzed.

Effect of real-time binaural music on sedation with dexmedetomidine during spinal anesthesia: A triple-arm, assessor-blind, randomized controlled trial.

Study Objective: Binaural audio induces sedation and reduces pain and anxiety in surgical patients. This study tested the hypothesis that dexmedetomidine requirement for adequate sedation during spinal anesthesia would be lower in patients listening to music with binaural sound than that in patients listening to plain or no music.

Design: A triple-arm, assessor-blind, randomized controlled study.

Association between intraoperative plantar regional oxygen saturation and acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most common complications after cardiac surgery, associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) continuously measures regional oxygen saturation(rSO) in real-time. This exploratory retrospective study aimed to investigate the association between intraoperative plantar rSO and postoperative AKI in cardiac surgery patients.

Intraoperative mild hyperoxia may be associated with improved survival after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting: a retrospective observational study.

Background: The effect of hyperoxia due to supplemental oxygen administration on postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac surgery remains unclear. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the relationship between intraoperative oxygen tension and mortality after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB).

Methods: The study included adult patients who underwent isolated OPCAB between July 2010 and June 2020.

Synthesis and Assessment of AMPS-Based Copolymers Prepared via Electron-Beam Irradiation for Ionic Conductive Hydrogels.

In this study, ionic conductive hydrogels were prepared with 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS). Acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AAm), and 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) were used as comonomers to complement the adhesion properties and ion conductivity of AMPS hydrogels. Hydrogels were prepared by irradiating a 20 kGy dose of E-beam to the aqueous monomer solution.

Ultrasound-assisted spinal anesthesia: A randomized comparison between midline and paramedian approaches.

Study Objective: Neuraxial ultrasonography can improve the technical performance of spinal anesthesia. However, there are no data regarding the optimal approach for ultrasound-assisted spinal anesthesia. This study aimed to compare the midline and paramedian approaches for ultrasound-assisted spinal anesthesia in adult orthopedic patients.

Relationship between intraoperative dopamine infusion and postoperative acute kidney injury in patients undergoing open abdominal aorta aneurysm repair.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most common complications in patients undergoing open abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair. Dopamine has been frequently used in these patients to prevent AKI. We aimed to clarify the relationship between intraoperative dopamine infusion and postoperative AKI in patients undergoing open AAA repair.

Increased preoperative serum vitamin B12 level as a predictor of postoperative mortality in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

Background: Serum vitamin B12 level is a useful prognostic marker for various conditions. The present study examined whether preoperative serum vitamin B12 level can predict mortality after cardiac surgery.

Methods: The present observational study comprised adult patients who underwent cardiac surgery at our institute between 2012 and 2019.

Effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on myocardial protection in patients undergoing aortic valve replacement: a randomized clinical trial.

Background: Cardiopulmonary bypass-related myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury is a major contributor to postoperative morbidity. Although transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) has been found to have cardioprotective effects in animal studies and healthy volunteers, its effects on cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass patients have not been evaluated. We investigated the effects of TENS on myocardial protection in patients undergoing aortic valve replacement surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass.

Performance of the ACEF and ACEF II risk scores in predicting mortality after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting.

Study Objective: The age, creatinine, and ejection fraction (ACEF) I and II scores are known to predict operative mortality after cardiac surgery. However, data from few cases of off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) were considered during the development of these scores. This study aimed to validate and update the ACEF I and II scores for the prediction of in-hospital mortality after OPCAB.