Phylogeny and Taxonomy of the Complex in Southwestern China.

and its allies are important edible and medicinal mushrooms in China. They are usually called Jiner () and have been cultivated on a commercial scale. However, due to the lack of DNA sequences from the holotype of , the taxonomic issues of the species complex are unresolved.

Enhancing subsurface imaging in ultrasonic atomic force microscopy with optimized contact force.

Ultrasonic atomic force microscopy (UAFM) is a powerful nondestructive subsurface imaging tool that is widely used to inspect material defects and analyze biological cells. The contrast in UAFM images, which is crucial for subsurface imaging quality, is directly influenced by the contact force between the probe and material. This contact force affects the subsurface contrast by influencing the propagation of the stress field from the vibrating probe into the material.

Fluoxetine treatment reverses chronic stress-induced promotion on Fk506-binding protein 5 expression and multiple effects on glucocorticoid receptor phosphorylation in the paraventricular nucleus of mice.

Background: Fluoxetine is widely used as a first-line antidepressant. However, the molecular mechanisms for its antidepressant effects are still not fully understood. Hyperactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is a core pathogenic mechanism contributing to depression, and fluoxetine treatment prevents this dysfunction.

Multimodal imaging study of pancreatic myeloid sarcoma: a case report and literature review.

Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a rare extramedullary parenchymal tumor composed of immature myeloid cells, occurring mainly in the lymph nodes, skin, soft tissue, testicles, bones, peritoneum, and gastrointestinal tract, and rarely in the pancreas. Herein, we report the case of a 68-year-old female patient who visited our hospital for medical assistance due to acute abdominal pain. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging showed a mass approximately 8 cm in diameter in the pancreatic tail, which was suspected to be a malignant tumor.

Does information disclosure among public hospitals stimulate medical cost change efforts? A pilot study in Shanghai.

Background: In 2013, the Shanghai Hospital Development Center issued a policy to advocate public hospitals to report their information about costs on diseases. The objective was to evaluate the impact of interhospital disclosure of costs on diseases on medical costs and compare costs per case following information disclosure between hospitals of different rankings.

Methods: The study uses the hospital-level performance report issued by Shanghai Hospital Development Center in the fourth quarter of 2013, which covers quarterly aggregated hospital-level discharge data from 14 tertiary public hospitals participating in thyroid malignant tumors and colorectal malignant tumors information disclosure from the first quarter of 2012 to the third quarter of 2020.

Recent trends and applications of electrolyzed oxidizing water in fresh foodstuff preservation and safety control.

With the growing demand for safe and nutritious foods, some novel food nonthermal sterilization technologies were developed in recent years. Electrolyzed oxidizing water (EOW) has the characteristics of strong antimicrobial ability, wide sterilization range, and posing no threat to the humans and environment. Furthermore, EOW can be used as a green disinfectant to replace conventional production water used in the food industry since it can be converted to the ordinary water after sterilization.

Research on the distribution spectrum of atherosclerotic plaques in patients with suspected coronary artery disease and the noninvasive screening model for coronary atherosclerosis burden.

Background: This study aimed to establish a non-invasive and simple screening model of coronary atherosclerosis burden based on the associations between multiple blood parameters and total plaque score (TPS), segment-stenosis score (SSS), coronary artery disease severity (CADS) in coronary artery disease (CAD) and thus reduce unnecessary coronary angiography (CAG).

Methods: A total of 1,366 patients with suspected CAD who underwent CAG were included in this study. The clinical risk factors [age, gender, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and glycated hemoglobin (GHB)] were collected.

Effects of acidic electrolyzed water treatment on storability, quality attributes and nutritive properties of longan fruit during storage.

The aim of this study was to use acidic electrolyzed water (AEW) to treat longan fruit and evaluate the effects of AEW treatment on storability, quality attributes and nutritive properties of longans during storage. The data indicated that, as compared to the control samples, AEW treatment could effectively reduce the respiration rate and pericarp cell membrane permeability, retard the occurrences of pericarp browning, pulp breakdown and fruit disease, keep a higher rate of commercially acceptable fruit. Additionally, AEW treatment could suppress the decrease of chromaticity values of L*, a* and b* of the fruit surface, keep higher amounts of pericarp carotenoid, chlorophyll, flavonoid and anthocyanin, maintain higher amounts of pulp total soluble solid (TSS), total soluble sugars, sucrose and vitamin C.

Neuroprotective effects of gallic acid against hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced mitochondrial dysfunctions in vitro and cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in vivo.

Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are frequently implicated in the pathology of secondary neuronal damage following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. Recent evidence suggests that gallic acid (GA) reverses oxidative stress in rat model of streptozotocin-induced dementia, but the roles and mechanisms of GA on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury remain unknown. Here we investigated the potential roles and mechanisms of GA in hypoxia/reoxygenation induced by sodium hydrosulfite (Na2S2O4) in vitro and cerebral ischemia/reperfusion induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in vivo.

[Effects of aquatic plants during their decay and decomposition on water quality].

Taking 6 aquatic plant species as test objects, a 64-day decomposition experiment was conducted to study the temporal variation patterns of nutrient concentration in water body during the process of the aquatic plant decomposition. There existed greater differences in the decomposition rates between the 6 species. Floating-leaved plants had the highest decomposition rate, followed by submerged plants, and emerged plants.

A dinucleotide motif in oligonucleotides shows potent immunomodulatory activity and overrides species-specific recognition observed with CpG motif.

Bacterial and synthetic DNAs containing CpG dinucleotides in specific sequence contexts activate the vertebrate immune system through Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9). In the present study, we used a synthetic nucleoside with a bicyclic heterobase [1-(2'-deoxy-beta-d-ribofuranosyl)-2-oxo-7-deaza-8-methyl-purine; R] to replace the C in CpG, resulting in an RpG dinucleotide. The RpG dinucleotide was incorporated in mouse- and human-specific motifs in oligodeoxynucleotides (oligos) and 3'-3-linked oligos, referred to as immunomers.

'Immunomers'--novel 3'-3'-linked CpG oligodeoxyribonucleotides as potent immunomodulatory agents.

Oligodeoxyribonucleotides containing CpG dinucleotides (CpG DNAs) are currently being evaluated as novel immunomodulators in clinical trials. Recently, we showed that an accessible 5' end is required for immunostimulatory activity and blocking the 5' end of CpG DNA by conjugation of certain ligands abrogates immunostimulatory activity. Based on these results, we designed and synthesized 3'-3'-linked CpG DNAs that contained two or more identical CpG DNA segments, referred to here as 'immunomers'.

Design, synthesis, and immunostimulatory properties of CpG DNAs containing alkyl-linker substitutions: role of nucleosides in the flanking sequences.

Bacterial and synthetic DNA containing unmethylated CpG dinucleotides activate the innate immune system and promote Th1-like immune responses. Recently, a receptor, TLR9, has been shown to recognize CpG DNA and activate immune cascade. But there have been no reports on the molecular mechanisms of recognition between CpG DNA and the receptor(s).