The Effect of Topical Vancomycin Powder Application on the Rate of Intervertebral Fusion Following Lumbar Fusion: A Retrospective Study.

Purpose: The occurrence of surgical site infection (SSI) after lumbar spinal fusion is a serious complication. Therefore, an increasing number of clinicians are applying vancomycin powder topically in the surgical field to reduce the incidence of SSI. However, there is concern that topical vancomycin powder application may affect intervertebral fusion.

FHB resistance conferred by Fhb1 is under inhibitory regulation of two genetic loci in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

Two loci inhibiting Fhb1 resistance to Fusarium head blight were identified through genome-wide association mapping and validated in biparental populations. Fhb1 confers Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance by limiting fungal spread within spikes in wheat (type II resistance). However, not all lines with Fhb1 display the expected resistance.

The Theoretical Study of Kink Deformation in Graphite Based on Differential Geometric Method.

Kink deformation is often observed in materials with laminated layers. Graphite composed of stacked graphene layers has the unique laminated structure of carbon nanomaterials. In this study, we performed the interlayer deformation of graphite under compression using a simulation of molecular dynamics and proposed a differential geometrical method to evaluate the kink deformation.

Theoretical Evaluation of Impact Characteristics of Wavy Graphene Sheets with Disclinations Formed by Origami and Kirigami.

Evaluation of impact characteristics of carbon nanomaterials is very important and helpful for their application in nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS). Furthermore, disclination lattice defects can generate out-of-plane deformation to control the mechanical behavior of carbon nanomaterials. In this study, we design novel stable wavy graphene sheets (GSs) using a technique based on origami and kirigami to control the exchange of carbon atoms and generate appropriate disclinations.

Vibration Control of Diamond Nanothreads by Lattice Defect Introduction for Application in Nanomechanical Sensors.

Carbon nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene sheets (GSs), have been adopted as resonators in vibration-based nanomechanical sensors because of their extremely high stiffness and small size. Diamond nanothreads (DNTs) are a new class of one-dimensional carbon nanomaterials with extraordinary physical and chemical properties. Their structures are similar to that of diamond in that they possess sp3-bonds formed by a covalent interaction between multiple benzene molecules.

Genetic control of Fusarium head blight resistance in two Yangmai 158-derived recombinant inbred line populations.

Stably expressed type I and type II resistance QTL were identified using two Yangmai 158-derived RIL populations, and plant-height and flowering-time QTL intervals detected did not contribute to the FHB resistance variations. Yangmai 158 (Y158) is an elite wheat cultivar widely grown in China with stable Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance. To enrich the genetic basis underlying FHB resistance, QTL mapping was conducted using two recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations derived from crosses of Y158 with susceptible lines Annong 8455 and Veery.

Review on Carbon Nanomaterials-Based Nano-Mass and Nano-Force Sensors by Theoretical Analysis of Vibration Behavior.

Carbon nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene sheets (GSs), and carbyne, are an important new class of technological materials, and have been proposed as nano-mechanical sensors because of their extremely superior mechanical, thermal, and electrical performance. The present work reviews the recent studies of carbon nanomaterials-based nano-force and nano-mass sensors using mechanical analysis of vibration behavior. The mechanism of the two kinds of frequency-based nano sensors is firstly introduced with mathematical models and expressions.

[Effectiveness of pronator quadratus muscle sparing in volar plate fixation for unstable distal radius fracture in adults].

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of pronator quadratus muscle sparing in volar plate fixation for unstable distal radius fracture in adults.

Methods: The clinical data of 62 cases of unstable distal radius fractures between January 2017 and December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the different methods of intraoperative exposure, the patients were divided into the observe group (28 cases with the pronator quadratus muscle sparing surgery) and the control group (32 cases with cutting the pronator quadratus muscle in operation and repairing it after volar plate fixation).

Mutation of a histidine-rich calcium-binding-protein gene in wheat confers resistance to Fusarium head blight.

Head or ear blight, mainly caused by Fusarium species, can devastate almost all staple cereal crops (particularly wheat), resulting in great economic loss and imposing health threats on both human beings and livestock. However, achievement in breeding for highly resistant cultivars is still not satisfactory. Here, we isolated the major-effect wheat quantitative trait locus, Qfhs.

T1R1/T1R3 Taste Receptor Suppresses Granulocyte-Mediated Neuroinflammation after Spinal Cord Injury.

As an active and predominant blood leukocyte population, granulocytes infiltrate into injured spinal cord and produce pro-inflammatory mediators to aggravate neuroinflammation. In the current study, we identify the role of the T1R1/T1R3 receptor in granulocyte-mediated neuroinflammation in a rat spinal cord injury (SCI) model. We found that T1R1 and T1R3 were substantially expressed in both circulating and infiltrating granulocytes.

Heme oxygenase-1 protects spinal cord neurons from hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis via suppression of Cdc42/MLK3/MKK7/JNK3 signaling.

The mechanisms by which oxidative stress induces spinal cord neuron death has not been completely understood. Investigation on the molecular signal pathways involved in oxidative stress-mediated neuronal death is important for development of new therapeutics for oxidative stress-associated spinal cord disorders. In current study we examined the role of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the modulation of MLK3/MKK7/JNK3 signaling, which is a pro-apoptotic pathway, after treating primary spinal cord neurons with HO.

Heme Oxygenase-1 Inhibits Neuronal Apoptosis in Spinal Cord Injury through Down-Regulation of Cdc42-MLK3-MKK7-JNK3 Axis.

The mechanism by which spinal cord injury (SCI) induces neuronal death has not been thoroughly understood. Investigation on the molecular signal pathways involved in SCI-mediated neuronal apoptosis is important for development of new therapeutics for SCI. In the current study, we explore the role of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the modulation of mixed lineage kinase 3/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase/cJUN N-terminal kinase 3 (MLK3/MKK7/JNK3) signaling, which is a pro-apoptotic pathway, after SCI.

Heme oxygenase-1 promotes neuron survival through down-regulation of neuronal NLRP1 expression after spinal cord injury.

Background: Understanding the mechanisms underlying neuronal death in spinal cord injury (SCI) and developing novel therapeutic approaches for SCI-induced damage are critical for functional recovery. Here we investigated the role of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in neuroprotection after SCI.

Methods: Adeno-associated virus expressing HO-1 was prepared and injected into rat spinal cords before SCI model was performed.

Buckling instability of circular double-layered graphene sheets.

In this paper, we study the buckling properties of circular double-layered graphene sheets (DLGSs), using plate theory. The two graphene layers are modeled as two individual sheets whose interactions are determined by the Lennard-Jones potential of the carbon-carbon bond. An analytical solution of coupled governing equations is proposed for predicting the buckling properties of circular DLGSs.

Radial breathing mode of carbon nanotubes subjected to axial pressure.

In this paper, a theoretical analysis of the radial breathing mode (RBM) of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) subjected to axial pressure is presented based on an elastic continuum model. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are described as an individual elastic shell and double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) are considered to be two shells coupled through the van der Waals force. The effects of axial pressure, wave numbers and nanotube diameter on the RBM frequency are investigated in detail.