mRNA vaccines in the context of cancer treatment: from concept to application.

Immuno-oncology has witnessed remarkable advancements in the past decade, revolutionizing the landscape of cancer therapeutics in an encouraging manner. Among the diverse immunotherapy strategies, mRNA vaccines have ushered in a new era for the therapeutic management of malignant diseases, primarily due to their impressive impact on the COVID-19 pandemic. In this comprehensive review, we offer a systematic overview of mRNA vaccines, focusing on the optimization of structural design, the crucial role of delivery materials, and the administration route.

-Derived Exosome-Like Nanoparticles Mitigate Colitis in Mice via Inhibition of the NLRP3 Signaling Pathway and Modulation of the Gut Microbiota.

Background: Plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (PELNs) have received widespread attention in treating ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the role of -derived exosome-like nanoparticles (HELNs) in UC remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of HELNs in treating colitis in mice and investigate its potential mechanisms.

NEDD1 Promotes the Development of Lung Adenocarcinoma and Can be Used as a Prognostic Marker.

To explore the roles of Neural precursor cell expressed developmentally down-regulated 1(NEDD1) in lung cancer tumorigenesis and the relationship between NEDD1 expression and clinicopathology of patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). : Expression of NEDD1 or other proteins in tissues and cell lines were determined with immunohistochemistry or western blot, the data of patients with LUAD in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets and LUAD tissue array were collected and analyzed, the effects of NEDD1 on proliferation, migration, cell cycle progression and apoptosis of cancer cells were detected with colony formation assay, transwell assay and Flow cytometry (FCM) analysis respectively. the impact of NEDD1 knockdown on DNA damage was analyzed using Immunofluorescence staining of H2AX and comet assay.

MiR-383-5p inhibits the proliferation and migration of lung adenocarcinoma cells by targeting SHMT2.

To explore the effects of miR-383-5p and serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 (SHMT2) on the proliferation and migration of lung adenocarcinoma cells. SHMT2 expression in lung adenocarcinoma and normal tissues was investigated using The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to confirm SHMT2 expression in lung adenocarcinoma and adjacent normal lung tissues.

[Corrigendum] Induction of microRNA‑let‑7a inhibits lung adeno-carcinoma cell growth by regulating cyclin D1.

After the publication of the article, an interested reader drew to the authors' attention that, in the western blots shown in Fig. 5C and D, a pair of data panels were inadvertently duplicated comparing between panels (C) and (D); in addition, the cell migration data shown in Fig. 7F on p.

Sleep patterns and risks of incident cardiovascular disease and mortality among people with type 2 diabetes: a prospective study of the UK Biobank.

Background: To explore the relationship between sleep patterns and cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and mortality risk in a population with type 2 diabetes through a UK Biobank sample.

Methods: A total of 6860 patients with type 2 diabetes were included in this study. Five sleep factors (including Chronotype, sleep duration, insomnia, daytime sleepiness, and snoring) were collected as a questionnaire.

The association between triglyceride-glucose index and its combination with obesity indicators and cardiovascular disease: NHANES 2003-2018.

Background: In the American population, the relationship between the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and TYG combined with indicators of obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its mortality has been less well studied.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 11,937 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2018. Cox proportional hazards model, binary logistic regression analyses, restricted cubic spline (RCS), and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) were used to analyze the relationship between TyG and its combined obesity-related indicators and CVD and its mortality.

Remote limb ischemic postconditioning inhibits microglia pyroptosis by modulating HGF after acute ischemia stroke.

The repetitive inflation-deflation of a blood pressure cuff on a limb is known as remote limb ischemic postconditioning (RIPostC). It prevents brain damage induced by acute ischemia stroke (AIS). Pyroptosis, executed by the pore-forming protein gasdermin D (GSDMD), is a type of regulated cell death triggered by proinflammatory signals.

Association of dietary inflammatory potential, dietary oxidative balance score and biological aging.

Background & Aims: The interaction between diet, inflammation, and oxidative stress significantly influences aging, but the available evidence has been limited. We evaluated potential associations of dietary inflammatory index (DII), dietary oxidative balance score (DOBS), and measures of biological aging.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed among 8839 individuals from NHANES 2003-2014.

Damage mechanism and therapy progress of the blood-brain barrier after ischemic stroke.

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) serves as a defensive line protecting the central nervous system, while also maintaining micro-environment homeostasis and inhibiting harmful materials from the peripheral blood. However, the BBB's unique physiological functions and properties make drug delivery challenging for patients with central nervous system diseases. In this article, we briefly describe the cell structure basis and mechanism of action of the BBB, as well as related functional proteins involved.

Association of Circulating Very Long-Chain Saturated Fatty Acids With Cardiovascular Mortality in NHANES 2003-2004, 2011-2012.

Context: Limited studies have shown a protective effect of very long-chain saturated fatty acids (VLSFAs) on healthy aging, diabetes, heart failure, and risk factors related to cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the role of VLSFAs on mortality risk is unclear.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the association of serum docosanoic acid (C22:0) and serum lignoceric acid (C24:0) with all-cause and disease-specific mortality and to confirm the effect of VLSFAs on mortality risk in the whole, hyperlipidemia, and hypertensive populations.

Methods: A total of 4132 individuals from the 2003-2004, 2011-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were included in this study.

Rearrangement of 2-(benzofuran-2-yl)-3-phenylpyridines photoinduced 6π-electrocyclization.

By photoinduced 6π-electrocyclization of 2-(benzofuran-2-yl)-3-phenylpyridine derivatives 1, a method for the synthesis of -dihydrobenzo[]quinolines 2, -dihydrobenzo[]quinolines 3 and 8b-methyl-1,8b-dihydrobenzo[]quinolines 4 was developed. Irradiation of 2-(benzofuran-2-yl)-3-phenylpyridine 1 in acetone-HO (5 : 1, v/v) with a 313 nm UV lamp under an argon atmosphere at room temperature successfully yielded 2, which was further converted into 3 at elevated temperature (200 °C) in glycerol. However, irradiating 2-(3-methylbenzofuran-2-yl)-3-phenylpyridines 1 in CHCl with a 254 nm UV lamp gave 4 in good yields.

Association of Dietary Inflammatory Index and Dietary Oxidative Balance Score with All-Cause and Disease-Specific Mortality: Findings of 2003-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

To clarify the effects of dietary inflammatory and pro-oxidative potential, we investigated the impact of the Dietary Inflammation Index (DII) and the Dietary Oxidative Balance Score (DOBS) on all-cause and disease-specific mortality. For DII and DOBS, 17,550 and 24,527 participants were included. Twenty-six and seventeen dietary factors were selected for scoring.

Compound Qiying Granules alleviates diabetic peripheral neuropathy by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis.

Background: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a major complication of diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects and molecular mechanisms of Compound Qiying Granules (CQYG) for DPN.

Methods: Rats and RSC96 cells of DPN models were established to evaluate the therapeutic effects of CQYG.

Simultaneous suppression of PKM2 and PHGDH elicits synergistic anti-cancer effect in NSCLC.

Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of human cancer. Cancer cells exhibit enhanced glycolysis, which allows glycolytic intermediates to be diverted into several other biosynthetic pathways, such as serine synthesis. Here, we explored the anti-cancer effects of the pyruvate kinase (PK) M2 inhibitor PKM2-IN-1 alone or in combination with the phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) inhibitor NCT-503 in human NSCLC A549 cells and .

Combination of epidrugs with immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer immunotherapy: From theory to therapy.

Immunotherapy based on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized treatment strategies in multiple types of cancer. However, the resistance and relapse as associated with the extreme complexity of cancer-immunity interactions remain a major challenge to be resolved. Owing to the epigenome plasticity of cancer and immune cells, a growing body of evidence has been presented indicating that epigenetic treatments have the potential to overcome current limitations of immunotherapy, thus providing a rationalefor the combination of ICIs with epigenetic agents (epidrugs).

Vitamin K2 supplementation improves impaired glycemic homeostasis and insulin sensitivity for type 2 diabetes through gut microbiome and fecal metabolites.

Background: There is insufficient evidence for the ability of vitamin K2 to improve type 2 diabetes mellitus symptoms by regulating gut microbial composition. Herein, we aimed to demonstrate the key role of the gut microbiota in the improvement of impaired glycemic homeostasis and insulin sensitivity by vitamin K2 intervention.

Methods: We first performed a 6-month RCT on 60 T2DM participants with or without MK-7 (a natural form of vitamin K2) intervention.

Oncogenic TRIB2 interacts with and regulates PKM2 to promote aerobic glycolysis and lung cancer cell procession.

PKM2 is an important regulator of the aerobic glycolysis that plays a vital role in cancer cell metabolic reprogramming. In general, Trib2 is considered as a "pseudokinase", contributing to different kinds of cancer. However, the detailed roles of TRIB2 in regulating cancer metabolism by PKM2 remain unclear.

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) acetylation protects neurons from ischemic injury.

Ischemia-induced neuronal death leads to serious lifelong neurological deficits in ischemic stroke patients. Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is a promising target for neuroprotection in many neurological disorders, including ischemic stroke. However, the mechanism by which HDAC6 inhibition protects neurons after ischemic stroke remains unclear.

RFWD2 Knockdown as a Blocker to Reverse the Oncogenic Role of TRIB2 in Lung Adenocarcinoma.

RFWD2, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is overexpressed in numerous human cancers, including leukemia, lung cancer, breast cancer, renal cell carcinoma, and colorectal cancer. The roles of RFWD2 in cancer are related to the targeting of its substrates for ubiquitination and degradation. This study aimed to investigate the role of TRIB2 in relation to the regulation of protein degradation through RFWD2.

A peptide-based subunit candidate vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 delivered by biodegradable mesoporous silica nanoparticles induced high humoral and cellular immunity in mice.

Development of a rapidly scalable vaccine is still an urgent task to halt the spread of COVID-19. We have demonstrated biodegradable mesoporous silica nanoparticles (BMSNs) as a good drug delivery carrier for tumor therapy. In this study, seven linear B cell epitopes and three CD8 T cell epitopes were screened from the spike (S) glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 by computer-based immunoinformatic approaches for vaccine design.

Great future or greedy venture: Precision medicine needs philosophy.

Introduction: Over the past decade, we have witnessed the initiation and implementation of precision medicine (PM), a discipline that promises to individualize and personalize medical management and treatment, rendering them ultimately more precise and effective. Despite of the continuing advances and numerous clinical applications, the potential of PM remains highly controversial, sparking heated debates about its future.

Method: The present article reviews the philosophical issues and practical challenges that are critical to the feasibility and implementation of PM.

miR-4293 upregulates lncRNA WFDC21P by suppressing mRNA-decapping enzyme 2 to promote lung carcinoma proliferation.

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) involve in diverse biological processes by post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Emerging evidence shows that miRNA-4293 plays a significant role in the development of non-small cell lung cancer. However, the oncogenic functions of miR-4293 have not been studied.