Industrial Applications of Dinoflagellate Phycotoxins Based on Their Modes of Action: A Review.

Dinoflagellates are an important group of phytoplanktons, characterized by two dissimilar flagella and distinctive features of both plants and animals. Dinoflagellate-generated harmful algal blooms (HABs) and associated damage frequently occur in coastal areas, which are concomitant with increasing eutrophication and climate change derived from anthropogenic waste and atmospheric carbon dioxide, respectively. The severe damage and harmful effects of dinoflagellate phycotoxins in the fishing industry have been recognized over the past few decades, and the management and monitoring of HABs have attracted much attention, leaving aside the industrial application of their valuable toxins.

Characterization of a Novel Mannose-Binding Lectin with Antiviral Activities from Red Alga, .

Lectins have the ability to bind specific carbohydrates and they have potential applications as medical and pharmacological agents. The unique structure and usefulness of red algal lectin have been reported, but these lectins are limited to a few marine algal groups. In this study, a novel mannose-binding lectin from ( lectin, GCL) was purified using antiviral screens and affinity chromatography.

Characterization of Capsicum annuum recombinant alpha- and beta-tubulin.

There are several conditions which might modulate polymerization to produce polymers having normal lattice structure. In the absence of 1 mM MgCl(2) the assembly was reduced by 36% in Capsicum annuum tubulin (CAnm tubulin). There was no significant difference in the final assembly formation in the presence of 5% to 10% glycerol.

Cloning, purification, and polymerization of Capsicum annuum recombinant alpha and beta tubulin.

Alpha and beta tubulin genes were cloned from the Capsicum annuum leaves using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE)-PCR. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that 1,353 bp Capsicum annuum alpha/beta-tubulin (CAnm alpha/beta-TUB) encodes a protein of 450 amino acids (aa) each. The recombinant alpha/beta tubulin was overexpressed mainly as an inclusion body in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), upon induction with 0.