Engineering Yarrowia lipolytica for the production of β-carotene by carbon and redox rebalancing.

Background: β-Carotene is a natural product that has garnered significant commercial interest. Considerable efforts have been made to meet such demand through the metabolic engineering of microorganisms, yet there is still potential for improvement. In this study, engineering approaches including carbon and redox rebalancing were used to maximize β-carotene production in Yarrowia lipolytica.

Effects of Decreasing Fishmeal as Main Source of Protein on Growth, Digestive Physiology, and Gut Microbiota of Olive Flounder ().

In olive flounder (), growth performance, expression of growth-related factors, digestive physiology, and gut microbiota were assessed under farm conditions in the fish fed diets with low levels of fishmeal. Four experimental diets were prepared, FM70 [control (CON), 70% fishmeal], FM45 (45% fishmeal), FM35A (35% fishmeal), and FM35B (35% fishmeal + insect meal), and fed to the fish for five months. The CON-fed fish had the highest plasma GH, but IGF-1 and hepatic IGF-1 mRNA expression of the olive flounder fed diets with low-fishmeal levels did not significantly differ among diets.

High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients with respiratory failure.

Background: High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy is widely applied in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF); however, its advantages over mechanical ventilation (MV) remain unclear. We aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of HFNC oxygen therapy and MV in IPF patients with respiratory failure.

Methods: A retrospective descriptive study of patients with IPF admitted between January 2015 and December 2017 who underwent HFNC oxygen therapy or MV during hospitalization was conducted.

The natural history of non-cavitary nodular bronchiectatic Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease.

Purpose: We aimed to investigate the natural history of non-cavitary nodular bronchiectatic (NC-NB) Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) lung disease (LD).

Methods: Among all patients diagnosed with NC-NB MAC LD between March 2000 and December 2013, 551 patients who were followed until December 2017 were enrolled at a tertiary referral center in South Korea. Patients were subdivided into progressive and stationary groups, depending on whether treatment was initiated within 3 years after diagnosis.

Association Between Duration of Aminoglycoside Treatment and Outcome of Cavitary Mycobacterium avium Complex Lung Disease.

Background: Although aminoglycosides are recommended for cavitary Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease (MAC-LD), the optimal duration of treatment is unclear. We investigated the association between duration of aminoglycoside treatment and outcomes in cavitary MAC-LD.

Methods: Among patients diagnosed with macrolide-susceptible cavitary MAC-LD between 2000 and 2013, 101 who received treatment up to August 2017 with a regimen containing aminoglycosides were enrolled at a tertiary referral center in South Korea.

MIC Values of Rifampin and Ethambutol and Treatment Outcome in Mycobacterium avium Complex Lung Disease.

Although it is known that the MICs of rifampin and ethambutol are poorly correlated with the clinical response in complex (MAC) lung disease (MAC-LD), evidence for this is limited. This study investigated the association between treatment outcome and the MICs of rifampin and ethambutol in patients with MAC-LD. Among patients diagnosed with macrolide-susceptible MAC-LD between January 2008 and December 2013, 274 patients who were treated with a standard regimen for ≥12 months until August 2017 and whose MIC results were available were enrolled at a tertiary referral center in South Korea.

Effects of Corticosteroids on Critically Ill Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients With Acute Respiratory Failure: A Propensity Analysis of Mortality.

Background:  We investigated the effects of corticosteroids on the 90-day mortality outcomes in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) because of acute respiratory failure (ARF).

Methods:  The medical records of 124 patients who had pulmonary tuberculosis with ARF and were admitted to the ICU at our tertiary referral center in South Korea between March 1989 and December 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. The 90-day mortality rate in this population was analyzed after adjustments with the inverse probability of treatment weighted (IPTW) method.

Choline Essentiality and Its Requirement in Diets for Juvenile Parrot Fish (Oplegnathus fasciatus).

A 12-wk feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the essentiality of choline supplementation in diets for parrot fish. Five isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets were supplemented with 0 (as control), 500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg choline per kg diet, and a positive control diet without choline contained 0.3% of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol as choline biosynthesis inhibitor (designated as Con, C500, C1000, C2000 and Con(+), respectively).

Effects of dietary supplementation of inosine monophosphate on growth performance, innate immunity and disease resistance of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus).

This study was investigated to examine the effects of dietary inosine monophosphate (IMP) supplementation on growth performance, feed utilization, innate immunity, hematological parameters and disease resistance of juvenile olive flounder. Five experimental diets were formulated to contain IMP at levels of 0, 0.1, 0.

Comparison of Growth Performance and Whole-body Amino Acid Composition in Red Seabream (Pagrus major) Fed Free or Dipeptide Form of Phenylalanine.

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the dipeptide form of phenylalanine as a new source of amino acid in terms of growth performance and whole-body amino acid composition in comparison to the free form for red seabream (Pagrus major). Fish (1.46±0.