Learnability of Thyroid Nodule Assessment on Ultrasonography: Using a Big Data Set.

Objective: The aims of the work described here were to evaluate the learnability of thyroid nodule assessment on ultrasonography (US) using a big data set of US images and to evaluate the diagnostic utilities of artificial intelligence computer-aided diagnosis (AI-CAD) used by readers with varying experience to differentiate benign and malignant thyroid nodules.

Methods: Six college freshmen independently studied the "learning set" composed of images of 13,560 thyroid nodules, and their diagnostic performance was evaluated after their daily learning sessions using the "test set" composed of images of 282 thyroid nodules. The diagnostic performance of two residents and an experienced radiologist was evaluated using the same "test set.

Electric fields in a counterflow nonpremixed flame: measurement and simulation.

In electric field modified flames, the electric body force on fluid elements can play a role in modifying the flow field, affecting flame characteristics by this modified flow motion. Numerical studies have developed ion kinetic mechanisms and appropriate transport models for charged species, validating them with a voltage-current trend in 1D premixed flames. Recent experimental approaches have measured the electric field by adopting the Electric Field Induced Second Harmonic generation (EFISH) technique.

Treatment Response Evaluation of Cardiac Amyloidosis Using Serial T1- and T2-Mapping Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Amyloidosis is a multisystemic disease characterized by the accumulation of abnormal proteins in extracellular spaces in various organs, with frequent involvement of the myocardium. We report a case of a patient who had cardiac amyloidosis with a trend of reduction in native T1 and T2 values and extracellular volume fraction on serial cardiac magnetic resonance imaging after chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation. The native T1 value and the extracellular volume fraction are closely associated with tissue amyloid burden in amyloidosis patients.

Radiomics Feature Analysis Using Native T1 Mapping for Discriminating Between Cardiac Tumors and Thrombi.

Rationale And Objectives: Accurate differential diagnosis is essential because cardiac tumors and thrombi have different prognoses and therapeutic approaches. Native T1 map provides an objective T1 time quantifications of cardiac mass without the need for a contrast agent. We examined the diagnostic performance of radiomics features for differentiating cardiac tumors from thrombi using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging T1 mapping technique compared to that of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) imaging.

Prediction of breast cancer molecular subtypes using radiomics signatures of synthetic mammography from digital breast tomosynthesis.

We aimed to predict molecular subtypes of breast cancer using radiomics signatures extracted from synthetic mammography reconstructed from digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT). A total of 365 patients with invasive breast cancer with three different molecular subtypes (luminal A + B, luminal; HER2-positive, HER2; triple-negative, TN) were assigned to the training set and temporally independent validation cohort. A total of 129 radiomics features were extracted from synthetic mammograms.

Combining radiomics with ultrasound-based risk stratification systems for thyroid nodules: an approach for improving performance.

Objectives: To develop a radiomics score using ultrasound images to predict thyroid malignancy and to investigate its potential as a complementary tool to improve the performance of risk stratification systems.

Methods: We retrospectively included consecutive patients who underwent fine-needle aspiration (FNA) for thyroid nodules that were cytopathologically diagnosed as benign or malignant. Nodules were randomly assigned to a training and test set (8:2 ratio).

Differentiation of thyroid nodules on US using features learned and extracted from various convolutional neural networks.

Thyroid nodules are a common clinical problem. Ultrasonography (US) is the main tool used to sensitively diagnose thyroid cancer. Although US is non-invasive and can accurately differentiate benign and malignant thyroid nodules, it is subjective and its results inevitably lack reproducibility.

Imaging Features of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Quantitative and Qualitative Comparison Between MRI-Enhanced With Gd-EOB-DTPA and Gd-DTPA.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the major imaging features of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans with Gd-EOB-DTPA (EOB) and extracellular agent (ECA; Gd-DTPA) contrast media.

Materials And Methods: Among 184 surgically proven HCCs in 169 patients who underwent a liver MRI with either EOB (n = 120) or ECA (n = 49), 55 HCCs were matched according to tumor size, Edmonson grade (major and worst), and gross type for each of the 2 contrast media. For the qualitative analysis, 2 board-certified radiologists independently reviewed arterial phase hyperenhancement, hypointensity on portal venous phase, hypointensity on delayed or transitional phase (DP/TP, 120-150 seconds), and capsule appearance.