The large role of declining atmospheric sulfate deposition and rising CO concentrations in stimulating future wetland CH emissions.

Existing projections of wetland methane emissions usually neglect feedbacks from global biogeochemical cycles. Using data-driven approaches, we estimate wetland methane emissions from 2000 to 2100, considering effects of meteorological changes and biogeochemical feedbacks from atmospheric sulfate deposition and CO fertilization. In low-CO scenarios (1.

Elderly vulnerability to temperature-related mortality risks in China.

The elderly face elevated mortality risk due to rising temperature. Previous assessments of temperature-related mortality, however, lack a comprehensive analysis of distinct impacts of temperature change across different timescales and characteristics. Using a longitudinal survey of 27,233 elderly Chinese citizens from 2005 to 2018, we establish connections between rising temperatures, temperature variability, and extreme heat with increased mortality risk, assessed through four annual metrics that combine temperature and humidity.

Marine aquaculture can deliver 40% lower carbon footprints than freshwater aquaculture based on feed, energy and biogeochemical cycles.

Freshwater aquaculture is an increasingly important source of blue foods but produces substantial methane and nitrous oxide emissions. Marine aquaculture, also known as mariculture, is a smaller sector with a large growth potential, but its climate impacts are challenging to accurately quantify. Here we assess the greenhouse gas emissions from mariculture's aquatic environment in global potentially suitable areas at 10 km resolution on the basis of marine biogeochemical cycles, greenhouse gas measurements from research cruises and satellite-observed net primary productivity.

Machine-learning-based corrections of CMIP6 historical surface ozone in China during 1950-2014.

Due to a lack of long-term observations in China, reports on historical ozone concentration are severely limited. In this study, by combining observation, reanalysis and model simulation data, XGBoost machine learning algorithm is used to correct the surface ozone concentration from CMIP6 climate model, and the long-term and large-scale surface ozone concentration of China during 1950-2014 is obtained. The long-term evolutions and trends of ozone and meteorological effects on interannual ozone variations are further analyzed.

Direct and indirect consumption activities drive distinct urban-rural inequalities in air pollution-related mortality in China.

Household consumption in China is associated with substantial PM pollution, through activities directly (i.e., fuel use) and/or indirectly (i.

Soil Emissions of Reactive Nitrogen Accelerate Summertime Surface Ozone Increases in the North China Plain.

Summertime surface ozone in China has been increasing since 2013 despite the policy-driven reduction in fuel combustion emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO). Here we examine the role of soil reactive nitrogen (N, including NO and nitrous acid (HONO)) emissions in the 2013-2019 ozone increase over the North China Plain (NCP), using GEOS-Chem chemical transport model simulations. We update soil NO emissions and add soil HONO emissions in GEOS-Chem based on observation-constrained parametrization schemes.

National quantifications of methane emissions from fuel exploitation using high resolution inversions of satellite observations.

Reducing methane emissions from fossil fuel exploitation (oil, gas, coal) is an important target for climate policy, but current national emission inventories submitted to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) are highly uncertain. Here we use 22 months (May 2018-Feb 2020) of satellite observations from the TROPOMI instrument to better quantify national emissions worldwide by inverse analysis at up to 50 km resolution. We find global emissions of 62.

The COVID-19 lockdown: a unique perspective into heterogeneous impacts of transboundary pollution on snow and ice darkening across the Himalayas.

The Tibetan Plateau holds the largest mass of snow and ice outside of the polar regions. The deposition of light-absorbing particles (LAPs) including mineral dust, black carbon and organic carbon and the resulting positive radiative forcing on snow (RFS) substantially contributes to glacier retreat. Yet how anthropogenic pollutant emissions affect Himalayan RFS through transboundary transport is currently not well known.

Mortality burden due to ambient nitrogen dioxide pollution in China: Application of high-resolution models.

Background: A large gap exists between the latest Global Air Quality Guidelines (AQG 2021) and Chinese air quality standards for NO. Assessing whether and to what extent air quality standards for NO should be tightened in China requires a comprehensive understanding of the spatiotemporal characteristics of population exposure to ambient NO and related health risks, which have not been studied to date.

Objective: We predicted ground NO concentrations with high resolution in mainland China, explored exposure characteristics to NO pollution, and assessed the mortality burden attributable to NO exposure.

Inter-regional environmental inequality under lasting pandemic exacerbated by residential response.

Pandemics greatly affect transportation, economic and household activities and their associated air pollutant emissions. In less affluent regions, household energy use is often the dominant pollution source and is sensitive to the affluence change caused by a persisting pandemic. Air quality studies on COVID-19 have shown declines in pollution levels over industrialized regions as an immediate response to pandemic-caused lockdown and weakened economy.

Inequality in historical transboundary anthropogenic PM health impacts.

Atmospheric transport of fine particulate matter (PM), the leading environmental risk factor for public health, is estimated to exert substantial transboundary effects at present. During the past several decades, human-produced pollutant emissions have undergone drastic and regionally distinctive changes, yet it remains unclear about the resulting global transboundary health impacts. Here we show that between 1950 and 2014, global anthropogenic PM has led to 185.

Influences of El Niño-Southern Oscillation on summertime ozone pollution over central-eastern China during 1950-2014.

Summertime ozone pollution has become increasingly severe over many parts of China in recent years. Due to lack of historical ozone observations, few studies have analyzed the linkage between natural climate variability and ozone levels for a long time series. This study uses the simulation datasets from CMIP6 to explore the effects of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on summertime (June/July/August) surface ozone concentrations in central-eastern China (CEC; 20°N-42°N, 100°E-123°E) during the period of 1950-2014.

Recognizing the Importance of Fast Nonisothermal Crystallization for High-Performance Two-Dimensional Dion-Jacobson Perovskite Solar Cells with High Fill Factors: A Comprehensive Mechanistic Study.

Two-dimensional (2D) Dion-Jacobson (DJ) perovskite solar cells (PSCs), despite their advantage in versatility of n-layer variation, are subject to poor photovoltaic efficiency, particularly in the fill factor (FF), compared to their three-dimensional counterparts. To enhance the performance of DJ PSCs, the process of growing crystals and hence the corresponding morphology of DJ perovskites are of prime importance. Herein, we report the fast nonisothermal (NIT) crystallization protocol that is previously unrecognized for 2D perovskites to significantly improve the morphology, orientation, and charge transport of the DJ perovskite films.

Contrasting suitability and ambition in regional carbon mitigation.

Substantially enhancing carbon mitigation ambition is a crucial step towards achieving the Paris climate goal. Yet this attempt is hampered by poor knowledge on the potential cost and benefit of emission mitigation for each emitter. Here we use a global economic model to assess the mitigation costs for 27 major emitting countries and regions, and further contrast the costs against the potential benefits of mitigation valued as avoided social cost of carbon and the mitigation ambition of each region.

Ground-Level NO Surveillance from Space Across China for High Resolution Using Interpretable Spatiotemporally Weighted Artificial Intelligence.

Nitrogen dioxide (NO) at the ground level poses a serious threat to environmental quality and public health. This study developed a novel, artificial intelligence approach by integrating spatiotemporally weighted information into the missing extra-trees and deep forest models to first fill the satellite data gaps and increase data availability by 49% and then derive daily 1 km surface NO concentrations over mainland China with full spatial coverage (100%) for the period 2019-2020 by combining surface NO measurements, satellite tropospheric NO columns derived from TROPOMI and OMI, atmospheric reanalysis, and model simulations. Our daily surface NO estimates have an average out-of-sample (out-of-city) cross-validation coefficient of determination of 0.

Modulation of Perovskite Grain Boundaries by Electron Donor-Acceptor Zwitterions ,-Diphenylamino-phenyl-pyridinium-(CH) -sulfonates: All-Round Improvement on the Solar Cell Performance.

Inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted intense attention because of their insignificant hysteresis and low-temperature fabrication process. However, the efficiencies of inverted PSCs are still inferior to those of commercialized silicon solar cells. Also, the poor stability of PSCs is one of the major impedances to commercialization.

Considerable Unaccounted Local Sources of NO Emissions in China Revealed from Satellite.

High-resolution (e.g., 5 km) emission data of nitrogen oxides (NO = NO + NO) provide localized knowledge of pollution sources for targeted regulations, yet such data are lacking or inaccurate over most regions at present.

The underappreciated role of agricultural soil nitrogen oxide emissions in ozone pollution regulation in North China.

Intensive agricultural activities in the North China Plain (NCP) lead to substantial emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO) from soil, while the role of this source on local severe ozone pollution is unknown. Here we use a mechanistic parameterization of soil NO emissions combined with two atmospheric chemistry models to investigate the issue. We find that the presence of soil NO emissions in the NCP significantly reduces the sensitivity of ozone to anthropogenic emissions.

Tuning the Circular Dichroism and Circular Polarized Luminescence Intensities of Chiral 2D Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Perovskites through Halogenation of the Organic Ions.

Through the incorporation of various halogen-substituted chiral organic cations, the effects of chiral molecules on the chiroptical properties of hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) are investigated. Among them, the HOIP having a Cl-substituted chiral cation exhibits the highest circular dichroism (CD) and circular polarized luminescence (CPL) intensities, indicating the existence of the largest rotatory strength, whereas the F-substituted HIOP shows the weakest intensities. The observed modulation can be correlated to the varied magnetic transition dipole of HOIPs, which is sensitive to the d-spacing between inorganic layers and the halogen-halogen interaction between organic cations and the inorganic sheets.

A Universal Approach for Controllable Synthesis of n-Specific Layered 2D Perovskite Nanoplates.

2D perovskites with chemical formula A' A B X have recently attracted considerable attention due to their tunable optical and electronic properties, which can be attained by varying the chemical composition. While high color-purity emitting perovskite nanomaterials have been accomplished through changing the halide composition, the preparation of single-phase, specific n-layer 2D perovskite nanomaterials is still pending because of the fast nucleation process of nanoparticles. We demonstrate a facile, rational and efficacious approach to synthesizing single-phase 2D perovskite nanoplates with a designated n number for both lead- and tin-based perovskites through kinetic control.

Satellite-based estimates of decline and rebound in China's CO emissions during COVID-19 pandemic.

Changes in CO emissions during the COVID-19 pandemic have been estimated from indicators on activities like transportation and electricity generation. Here, we instead use satellite observations together with bottom-up information to track the daily dynamics of CO emissions during the pandemic. Unlike activity data, our observation-based analysis deploys independent measurement of pollutant concentrations in the atmosphere to correct misrepresentation in the bottom-up data and can provide more detailed insights into spatially explicit changes.