Glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 in breast invasive carcinoma: a comprehensive bioinformatic analysis and experimental validation.

Background: Breast cancer, despite significant advancements in treatment, remains a major cause of cancer-related deaths among women. Immunotherapy, an emerging therapeutic strategy, offers promise for better outcomes, particularly through the modulation of immune functions. Glioma-Associated Oncogene Homolog 1 (GLI1), a transcription factor implicated in cancer biology, has shown varying roles in different cancers.