Extended π-conjugated N-heteroaromatic molecules for fast-charging and high operating voltage aqueous zinc-ion batteries.

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) with redox-active organic compounds as electrodes attract wide attention due to their structural diversity, sustainability and inherent safety. However, the rational structural design of advanced organic electrodes with high practical capacity, long cycle life and high rate performance is still a great challenge. Herein, a strategy to improve the electrochemical performance of electrodes in AZIBs by constructing an extended π-conjugated hexaazatrinaphthalene (HATN)-based structure with electron-withdrawing cyano groups, 5, 6, 11, 12, 17, 18-hexaazatrinaphthalene-2, 3, 8, 9, 14, 15-hexacarbonitrile (HATN-6CN), is reported.

Ginger vesicle as a nanocarrier to deliver 10-hydroxycamptothecin.

In this study, we developed the ginger vesicles as nanocarrier for the targeted delivery of 10-hydroxy-camptothecin (HCPT), aiming to improve its therapeutic efficacy while minimizing the systemic toxicity. Ginger vesicles exhibit a wide spectrum of biological activities and excellent biocompatibility, rendering them as the promising nanocarriers candidates for anticancer drug delivery. The ginger vesicles with an average diameter of 86.

POM-Based Hydrogels for Efficient Synergistic Chemodynamic/Low-Temperature Photothermal Antibacterial Therapy.

Bacterial infection of wound surfaces has posed a significant threat to human health and represents a formidable challenge in the clinical treatment. In this study, a novel antimicrobial hydrogel utilizing POM is synthesized as the primary component, with gelatin and sodium alginate as the structural framework. The resultant hydrogel demonstrates exceptional mechanical properties and viscoelasticity attributed to the hydrogen-bonded cross-linking between POM and gelatin, as well as the ionic cross-linking between sodium alginate and Ca.

Titanium-catalyzed highly stereoselective anti-Markovnikov intermolecular hydroalkoxylation of alkynes to prepare -enol ethers.

Enol ethers are essential synthetic frameworks and widely applied in organic synthesis; however, high regio- and stereo-selective access to enol ethers remains challenging. Herein, we report a titanium-catalyzed stereospecific anti-Markovnikov hydroalkoxylation reaction of alkynes for the synthesis of -enol ethers with excellent functional group tolerance and yields. Mechanistic studies showed that the titanium coordinates with the alkyne and then an oxygen anion attacks the π-bond of the alkyne from the backside to provide a -oxygen metallation intermediate, which accounts for the high -stereoselectivity.

A Conjugated Microporous Polymer/Wood Aerogel with Physical Adsorption, Chemical Degradation and Antibacterial Self-Cleaning Triple Sewage Treatment Functions.

Conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) have important applications in the fields of optoelectronics and sewage treatment due to their high specific surface area, broad visible absorption, processability and simple synthesis process. Biocompatibility, recycling, mass production and solar photodegradation are particularly important in wastewater treatment. Here, A CMP with a high specific surface area and a hierarchical pore structure (CPOP) was constructed based on 4,4',4″-Tris(carbazol-9-yl)-triphenylamine (3CZ-TPA).

CuI-catalyzed synthesis of multisubstituted pyrido[1,2-]pyrimidin-4-ones through tandem Ullmann-type C-N cross-coupling and intramolecular amidation reaction.

Various multi-substituted pyrido[1,2-]pyrimidin-4-ones were synthesized a one-pot tandem CuI-catalyzed C-N bond formation/intramolecular amidation reaction at 130 °C in DMF. This protocol features simple operation, broad substrate scope, good functional group tolerance and gram scale preparation, thus allowing practical and modular synthesis of pyrido[1,2-]pyrimidin-4-ones from readily available 2-halopyridine and ()-3-amino-3-arylacrylate ester in good to excellent yields.

Acidity Scale in a Choline Chloride- and Ethylene Glycol-Based Deep Eutectic Solvent and Its Implication on Carbon Dioxide Absorption.

An equilibrium acidity (p) scale that comprises 16 Brönsted organic acids, including phenols, carboxylic acids, azoles, and phenylmalononitriles, was established in a choline chloride/EG-based deep eutectic solvent (DES) ([Ch][Cl]:2EG) by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopic methods. The established acidity scale spans about 6 p units in the DES, which is similar to that for these acids in water. The acidity comparisons and linear correlations between the DES and other solvents show that the solvent property of [Ch][Cl]:2EG is quite different from those of amphiphilic protic and dipolar aprotic molecular solvents.

Novel lignin-supported copper complex as a highly efficient and recyclable nanocatalyst for Ullmann reaction.

In this work, we prepared polyhydroxylated lignin by demethylation and hydroxylation of lignin, and grafted phosphorus-containing groups by nucleophilic substitution reaction, the resulting material could be used as a carrier for the preparation of heterogeneous Cu-based catalysts (PHL-CuI-OPR). The optimal PHL-CuI-OPBu catalyst was characterized by FT-IR, TGA, BET, XRD, SEM-EDS, ICP-OES, XPS. The catalytic performance of PHL-CuI-OPBu in the Ullmann CN coupling reaction was evaluated using iodobenzene and nitroindole as model substrates under nitrogen atmosphere with DME and HO as cosolvent at 95 °C for 24 h.

Polyoxometalate-covalent organic framework hybrid materials for pH-responsive photothermal tumor therapy.

Photothermal therapy (PTT) has become one of the most effective methods for tumor treatment. With the development of medicine, studies focusing primarily on therapeutic and diagnostic agents with desirable biocompatibility, targeting and stability are still of great significance. Heteropoly blue (HPB) is an ideal photothermal therapy agent (PTA) with decent photothermal conversion efficiency.

Palladium-Catalyzed Synthesis of Fluorescent Benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines through Annulation Reaction of Benzimidazoles and Alkynyl Bromides with Internal Alkynes.

An efficient synthesis of fused azapolycycles based on (benz)imidazole and pyridine scaffolds has been developed. In all cases, the first nucleophilic addition of (benz)imidazoles to alkynyl bromides in pentyl alcohol can proceed in a stereoselective manner to provide ()--(1-bromo-1-alken-2-yl)benzimidazoles at 110 °C. Sequentially, these adducts containing alkenyl bromide can undergo Pd-catalyzed intermolecular C-H annulation in the presence of internal alkynes in dimethylacetamide, affording fluorescent (benz)imidazole-fused pyridines in good to high yields.

Transition-Metal-Free One-Pot Synthesis of Naphthoquinonefuran Derivatives Through Sequential Nucleophilic Substitution-Nucleophilic Addition Reaction.

A transition-metal-free route for tandem one-pot synthesis of naphthoquinonefuran derivatives from 2-hydroxynaphthoquinones has been developed. The sequentially accomplished process comprises an intermolecular alkynylation of sp-carbon at the 3 position of 2-hydroxynaphthoquinones with arylethynyl bromides, followed by a base-promoted intramolecular nucleophilic annulation reaction. A broad range of functional groups is compatible with this reaction, and diverse naphtho[2,3-]furan-4,9-diones can be obtained with good yields and excellent regioselectivity.

Copper(ii)-catalyzed synthesis of multisubstituted indoles through sequential Chan-Lam and cross-dehydrogenative coupling reactions.

Starting from arylboronic acids and ester ()-3-aminoacrylates, one-pot syntheses of diverse indole-3-carboxylic esters have been described through copper(ii)-catalyzed sequential Chan-Lam -arylation and cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) reactions. The initial Chan-Lam arylation can proceed in DMF at 100 °C for 24 h to give ester ()-3-(arylamino)acrylate intermediates in the presence of Cu(OAc)/tri--butylphosphine tetrafluoroborate, a catalytic amount of myristic acid as the additive, KMnO and KHCO. Sequentially, these arylated intermediates can undergo an intramolecular oxidative cross-dehydrogenative coupling process in mixed solvents (DMF/DMSO = 2 : 1) at 130 °C to give C3-functionalized multi-substituted indole derivatives.

Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Oxidative Annulation of 2-Hydroxynaphthalene-1,4-diones and Internal Alkynes via C-H Functionalization.

An efficient Pd(II)-catalyzed oxidative annulation of 2-hydroxynaphthalene-1,4-diones and internal alkynes has been developed with high step efficiency. A broad range of functional groups are compatible with this reaction, thus providing a new entry to diverse naphtho[2,3-]furan-4,9-dione derivatives in good to high yields.

Palladium-catalyzed tandem one-pot synthesis of π-expanded imidazoles through a sequential Heck and oxidative amination reaction.

An efficient palladium-catalyzed route for tandem synthesis of imidazole-fused polyheterocycles from 2-vinyl imidazoles and aryl halides is described. The sequentially accomplished process comprises intermolecular Heck arylation of 2-vinyl imidazoles followed by an intramolecular aerobic oxidative C-H amination reaction promoted by the same Pd catalyst. This Pd-catalyzed tandem approach offers a straightforward protocol for the assembly of benzimidazo/phenanthroimidazo[1,2-a]quinolines in moderate to high yields, serving as a useful tool for the discovery of fluorescent materials.

Tunable synthesis of quinolinone-fused isoquinolines through sequential one-pot nucleophilic addition and palladium-catalyzed intramolecular C-H alkenylation.

An efficient sequential one-pot synthesis of fused heterocycles based on 4-quinolinone and isoquinoline scaffolds of biological interest has been developed. In all cases, the first nucleophilic addition of 2-aryl quinolin-4(1H)-ones to alkynyl bromides in tert-pentyl alcohol can proceed in a chemo-, regio- and stereoselective manner to give (Z)-N-(1-bromo-1-alken-2-yl)quinolin-4-ones at 110 °C. Sequentially, these in situ functionalized adducts can undergo direct intramolecular aromatic C-H alkenylation in the presence of PdCl2 (5 mol%) in mixed solvents (tert-pentyl alcohol/DMF = 1 : 1), affording the novel quinolinone-fused isoquinoline derivatives in good yields.

Copper-Catalyzed Synthesis of Multisubstituted Indoles through Tandem Ullmann-Type C-N Formation and Cross-dehydrogenative Coupling Reactions.

Multisubstituted indoles were synthesized via a one-pot tandem copper-catalyzed Ullmann-type C-N bond formation/intramolecular cross-dehydrogenative coupling process at 130 °C in DMSO. The methodology allows practical and modular assembly of indoles in good to excellent yields from readily available aryl iodides and enamines.

Synthesis of 4H-Chromen-4-one Derivatives by Intramolecular Palladium-Catalyzed Acylation of Alkenyl Bromides with Aldehydes.

The palladium-catalyzed intramolecular acylation of alkenyl bromides and aldehydes was developed for an efficient synthesis of 4H-chromen-4-ones. With Pd(PPh)/Xphos as the catalyst and KCO as the base, this protocol was applied to synthesize a small library of diversely functionalized flavonoids in moderate to good yields in 1,4-dioxane.

High rate of missed HIV infections in individuals with indeterminate or negative HIV western blots based on current HIV testing algorithm in China.

It remains unclear if China's current HIV antibody testing algorithm misses a substantial number of HIV infected individuals. Of 196 specimens with indeterminate or negative results on HIV western blot (WB) retrospectively examined by HIV-1 nucleic acid test (NAT), 67.57% (75/111) of indeterminate WB samples, and 16.

Short Communication: HIV-1 Infection Suppresses Circulating Viral Restriction microRNAs.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) participate in host innate immunity against HIV-1 infection. We examined the impact of HIV-1 infection on viral restriction miRNAs in plasma of HIV-1-infected subjects. HIV-1-infected subjects had significantly lower plasma levels of HIV-1 restriction miRNAs (miRs-29a, -29b, -125b, -223, -198, and -382) than control subjects.

Heroin inhibits HIV-restriction miRNAs and enhances HIV infection of macrophages.

Although opioids have been extensively studied for their impact on the immune system, limited information is available about the specific actions of opioids on intracellular antiviral innate immunity against HIV infection. Thus, we investigated whether heroin, one of the most abused drugs, inhibits the expression of intracellular HIV restriction microRNA (miRNA) and facilitates HIV replication in macrophages. Heroin treatment of macrophages enhanced HIV replication, which was associated with the downregulation of several HIV restriction miRNAs.

Antiretroviral Therapy Fails to Restore Levels of HIV-1 Restriction miRNAs in PBMCs of HIV-1-infected MSM.

A number of cellular microRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified to have the ability to inhibit HIV-1 replication. In this study, we examined the impact of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) on the expression of HIV-1 restriction miRNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of HIV-1-infected men who have sex with men (MSM). Compared with male healthy donors, HIV-infected MSM had significantly lower levels of 9 HIV-1 restriction miRNAs.

Circulation of human metapneumovirus among children with influenza-like illness in Wuhan, China.

Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a worldwide distributed pathogen of the respiratory tract. The objectives of this study were to identify HMPV infections among children with influenza-like illness (ILI) in Wuhan and to assess circulation patterns and molecular diversity of HMPV in this area. From July 2008 to December 2013, a total of 3,883 throat swab samples were collected from ILI outpatients under 16 years old.