NMN synbiotics intervention modulates gut microbiota and metabolism in APP/PS1 Alzheimer's disease mouse models.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative condition with growing evidence implicating the gut microbiota in its pathogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the effects of NMN synbiotics, a combination of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), Lactobacillus plantarum, and lactulose, on the gut microbiota composition and metabolic profiles in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Results demonstrated that NMN synbiotics led to a notable restructuring of the gut microbiota, with a decreased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in the AD mice, suggesting a potential amelioration of gut dysbiosis.

Impact of Donepezil Supplementation on Alzheimer's Disease-like Pathology and Gut Microbiome in APP/PS1 Mice.

Based on published information, the occurrence and development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are potentially related to gut microbiota changes. Donepezil hydrochloride (DH), which enhances cholinergic activity by blocking acetylcholinesterase (AChE), is one of the first-line drugs for AD treatment approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the USA. However, the potential link between the effects of DH on the pathophysiological processes of AD and the gut microbiota remains unclear.

Nicotinamide mononucleotide improves the Alzheimer's disease by regulating intestinal microbiota.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common progressive neurodegenerative disease, and the intestinal flora and its metabolites play an important role in the amelioration of central nervous system (CNS) disorders such as AD through a bidirectional interaction between the gut-brain axis (GBA). Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), one of the precursors for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) synthesis, reduces the brain features of AD, including neuroinflammation, mitochondrial abnormalities, synaptic dysfunction, and cognitive impairment. However, the impact of NMN on the gut flora of AD is still unknown.

New cycloalkyl[b]thiophenylnicotinamide-based α-glucosidase inhibitors as promising anti-diabetic agents: Synthesis, in silico study, in vitro and in vivo evaluations.

In the present study, a series of cycloalkyl[b]thiophenylnicotinamide derivatives against α-glucosidase were synthesized, and evaluated for their in vitro and in vivo anti-diabetic potential. Most of the synthetic analogues exhibited superior α-glucosidase inhibitory effects than the standard drug acarbose (IC = 258.5 μM), in which compound 11b with cyclohexyl[b]thiophene core demonstrated the highest activity with an IC value of 9.

Intestinal Microflora Changes in Patients with Mild Alzheimer's Disease in a Chinese Cohort.

Background: Understanding the relationship between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and intestinal flora is still a major scientific topic that continues to advance.

Objective: To determine characterized changes in the intestinal microbe community of patients with mild AD.

Methods: Comparison of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) high-throughput sequencing data was obtained from the Illumina MiSeq platform of fecal microorganisms of the patients and healthy controls (HC) which were selected from cohabiting caregivers of AD patients to exclude environmental and dietary factors.

Human Adipose Tissue Cryopreservation: Impact of Different Calf Serum Concentrations on Tissue Viability.

Adipose tissue, which is harvested in large quantities during liposuction, has no blood supply and becomes necrotic within a few hours, if not immediately transplanted. Cryopreservation of adipose tissue allows these samples to be stored and used in diverse fundamental experiments, especially in fat-grafting animal tests that could provide a theoretical basis for clinical applications. Traditionally, fetal bovine serum (FBS) has been added as a cryoprotectant (CPA) to maintain the maximum viability of different tissues after freezing and thawing.

SGLT2 inhibitors for prevention of cardiorenal events in people with type 2 diabetes without cardiorenal disease: A meta-analysis of large randomized trials and cohort studies.

To investigate whether sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) can reduce important cardiorenal endpoints in type 2 diabetic adults without established cardiovascular disease (ECD), in those without heart failure (HF), and in those without chronic kidney disease (CKD). We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and clinicaltrials.gov.

Analysis of factors related to fertility after endometriosis combined with infertility laparoscopic surgery.

To investigate the influence factors of laparoscopic postoperative pregnancy of patients with endometriosis and infertility, further validate the application of EFI scoring system in endometriosis, and to improve the pregnancy rate.A total of 258 patients with endometriosis and infertility who underwent laparoscopic surgery and follow-up treatment at Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2015 to December 2016 were selected and divided into pregnant and non-pregnant groups according to whether they were pregnant. All patients were divided into 4 groups according to EFI score: group with EFI score ≥9, 7-8, 4-6, and <4, and divided into I, II, III, and IV groups according to AFS stages.

Transcriptome analysis in normal human liver cells exposed to 2, 3, 3', 4, 4', 5 - Hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB 156).

Backgrounds: Polychlorinated biphenyls are persistent environmental pollutants associated with the onset of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in humans, but there is limited information on the underlying mechanism. In the present study, we investigated the alterations in gene expression profiles in normal human liver cells L-02 following exposure to 2, 3, 3', 4, 4', 5 - hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB 156), a potent compound that may induce non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Methods: The L-02 cells were exposed to PCB 156 for 72 h and the contents of intracellular triacylglyceride and total cholesterol were subsequently measured.

Ultrasensitive "signal-on" electrochemical aptasensor for assay of acetamiprid residues based on copper-centered metal-organic frameworks.

In present work, a versatile "signal-on" electrochemical aptasensor with ultra-sensitivity and high selectivity for detecting acetamiprid residues has been successfully constructed. Electrochemistry behaviors of as-synthesized copper-centered metal-organic frameworks (CuMOF) on various electrodes were investigated in details. The results indicated that CuMOF exhibited well-behaved redox events.

Decoration of a Poly(methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic anhydride)-Shelled Selol Nanocapsule with Folic Acid Increases Its Activity Against Different Cancer Cell Lines .

Due to the low therapeutic index of different chemotherapeutic drugs used for cancer treatment, the development of new anticancer drugs remains an intense field of research. A recently developed mixture of selenitetriacylglycerides, selol, was shown to be active against different cancer cells in vitro. As this compound is highly hydrophobic, it was encapsulated, in a previous study, into poly(methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic anhydride)-shelled nanocapsules in order to improve its dispersibility in aqueous media.

Characterization of human S-adenosyl-homocysteine hydrolase in vitro and identification of its potential inhibitors.

Human S-adenosyl-homocysteine hydrolase (SAHH, E.C.3.

Photodynamic Therapy treatment of onychomycosis with Aluminium-Phthalocyanine Chloride nanoemulsions: A proof of concept clinical trial.

The conventional treatment of onychomycosis, a common fungal infection, consists in the use of local and systemic drugs for 4-6 months. This long protocol is often ineffective due to patient compliance, and usually promotes important collateral effects such as liver and kidney failure. As the alternative, Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) has been used as a noninvasive alternative local treatment for onychomycosis due to the reduction of systemic side effects, fact indicates their use for patients undergoing other systemic treatments.

Characterization of S-adenosylhomocysteine/Methylthioadenosine nucleosidase on secretion of AI-2 and biofilm formation of Escherichia coli.

S-adenosylhomocysteine/Methylthioadenosine nucleosidase (SAHN E.C.3.

Nanostructured Systems for the Organelle-specific Delivery of Anticancer Drugs.

Nanotechnology has provided powerful tools to improve the chemotherapy of cancer. Different nanostructures have been developed which deliver the anticancer drugs more selectively to tumor than to healthy tissues. The result has generally been the increase in efficacy and safety of classical anticancer drugs.

[Effects of cuttlefish bone-bone morphogenetic protein composite material on osteogenesis and revascularization of bone defect in rats].

Objective: To study the effects of cuttlefish bone-bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) composite material on osteogenesis and revascularization of bone defect in rats.

Methods: The cuttlefish bone was formed into cylinder with the diameter of about 5 mm and height of about 2 mm after the shell was removed, and then it was soaked in the recombinant human BMP 2 to make a cuttlefish bone-BMP (CBB) composite material. Thirty SD rats, with a defect of skull in every rat, were divided into the CBB and pure cuttlefish bone (PCB) groups according to the random number table, with 15 rats in each group.

Influence of catgut implantation at acupoints on leptin and insulin resistance in simple obesity rats.

Objectives: To investigate the influence of catgut implantation at acupoints on leptin resistance (LR) and insulin resistance (IR) in the simple obesity rat.

Methods: Rats were made obese with high-fat diets, after which surgical catgut was implanted at Zusanli (ST 36) and Neiting (ST 44) acupoints once a week for 4 weeks (implantation group). Rats from the implantation group were compared with normal rats and unoperated obese rats (control group).

Clinical efficacy of simple obesity treated by catgut implantation at acupoints.

Objective: To observe the clinical effificacy of treatment with catgut implantation at acupoints on simple obesity.

Methods: Following the theory of Chinese medicine (CM), pattern identification (PI) and treatment was based on the patient's symptoms and signs. Patients were observed during three courses and one year following treatment through self-comparison before and after six or seven acupoints catgut implantation.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) detoxification of analogue peptides derived from limulus anti-LPS factor.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of sepsis due to gram-negative bacterial infections. Therefore, LPS-neutralizing molecules could have important clinical applications. Our previous work showed, CLP19, an analogue peptide derived from limulus anti-LPS factor (LALF), possessed the capacity to neutralize LPS and thereby inhibit the LPS-induced responses.

A synthetic cyclic peptide derived from Limulus anti-lipopolysaccharide factor neutralizes endotoxin in vitro and in vivo.

Endotoxin, also known as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), is the major mediator of septic shock due to Gram-negative bacterial infections. Recently, much attention has been focused on cationic peptides which possess the potential to detoxify LPS. Limulus anti-LPS factor (LALF), a protein found in the horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus), has been proved with striking anti-LPS effects.