Low miR-224-5p in exosomes confers colorectal cancer 5-FU resistance by upregulating S100A4.

This study aimed to identify molecular markers that mediate 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) resistance in colorectal cancer (CRC). Exosomes from 5-FU resistant CRC cells (HCT-15/FU) significantly enhanced the resistance to 5-FU and the malignant properties of HCT-15 cells. Double screening of miRNAs in CRC cell-exosomes and serum-exosomes from clinical CRC patients revealed that miR-224-5p was expressed at significantly lower levels in the 5-FU resistant type than in the 5-FU sensitive type.

The Context of the Emergency Department as a Location for a Smoking Cessation Intervention-Process Evaluation Findings From the Cessation of Smoking Trial in the Emergency Department Trial.

Introduction: Hospital emergency departments (ED) offer an opportunity to engage with large numbers of people who smoke to prompt cessation, although the acceptability of opportunistic intervention in this context has been questioned. This process evaluation study was embedded into the Cessation of Smoking Trial in the Emergency Department (COSTED) randomized controlled trial and sought to explore the context of intervention delivery within the ED.

Aims And Methods: Qualitative interviews were conducted with participants and staff across six EDs participating in the COSTED randomized controlled trial.

Cost-utility analysis of provision of e-cigarette starter kits for smoking cessation in emergency departments: An economic evaluation of a randomized controlled trial.

Aims: To assess the cost-effectiveness of the Cessation of Smoking Trial in Emergency Department (COSTED) intervention compared with signposting to local stop smoking service (SSS) from the National Health Service (NHS) and personal social services (PSS) perspective.

Design, Setting And Participants: This was a two-group, multi-centre, pragmatic, individually randomized controlled trial set in six Emergency Departments (EDs) in urban and rural areas in the United Kingdom. Adult (≥ 18 years) daily smokers (at least one cigarette or equivalent per day) but not daily e-cigarette users, with carbon monoxide reading ≥ 8 parts per million, attending the ED (n = 972) were included.

PERI-operative biologic DMARD management: Stoppage or COntinuation during orthoPaEdic operations (the PERISCOPE trial) - a study protocol for a pragmatic, UK multicentre, superiority randomised controlled trial with an internal pilot, economic evaluation and nested qualitative study.

Introduction: Biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) have revolutionised the treatment of inflammatory arthritis (IA). However, many people with IA still require planned orthopaedic surgery to reduce pain and improve function. Currently, bDMARDs are withheld during the perioperative period due to potential infection risk.

mA modification of lncRNA PHKA1-AS1 enhances Actinin Alpha 4 stability and promotes non-small cell lung cancer metastasis.

Cancer is a disease with molecular heterogeneity that is closely related to gene mutations and epigenetic changes. The principal histological subtype of lung cancer is non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is a kind of RNA that is without protein coding function, playing a critical role in the progression of cancer.

Multicomponent Behavioural Intervention during Pregnancy to Reduce Home Exposure to Second-Hand Smoke: A Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial in Bangladesh and India.

Background: Pregnant women exposed to second-hand smoke (SHS) are at increased risk of poor birth outcomes. We piloted multicomponent behavioural intervention and trial methods in Bangalore, India, and Comilla, Bangladesh.

Methods: A pilot individual randomised controlled trial with economic and process evaluation components was conducted.

Is behavioural activation an effective treatment for depression in children and adolescents? An updated systematic review and meta-analysis.

Behavioural Activation (BA)-a brief therapy based on the scheduling of enjoyable, purposeful and rewarding activities-is an effective and cost-effective treatment for depression in adults that shows promise for children and adolescents. We provide an update on a previous systematic review of evidence on BA-delivered in-person, telephone, or online-for depression and comorbid anxiety in children and adolescents. We conducted systematic literature searches in 6 databases up to February 2024.

Cessation of Smoking Trial in the Emergency Department (COSTED): a multicentre randomised controlled trial.

Background: Supporting people to quit smoking is one of the most powerful interventions to improve health. The Emergency Department (ED) represents a potentially valuable opportunity to deliver a smoking cessation intervention if it is sufficiently resourced. The objective of this trial was to determine whether an opportunistic ED-based smoking cessation intervention can help people to quit smoking.

Supporting physical activity through co-production in people with severe mental ill health (SPACES): protocol for a randomised controlled feasibility trial.

Background: Severe mental ill health (SMI) includes schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and schizoaffective disorder and is associated with premature deaths when compared to people without SMI. Over 70% of those deaths are attributed to preventable health conditions, which have the potential to be positively affected by the adoption of healthy behaviours, such as physical activity. People with SMI are generally less active than those without and face unique barriers to being physically active.

Adapting the ADVANCE group program for digitally-supported delivery to reduce intimate partner violence by men in substance use treatment: a feasibility study.

Introduction: COVID-19 restrictions created barriers to "business as usual" in healthcare but also opened the door to innovation driven by necessity. This manuscript (1) describes how ADVANCE, an in-person group perpetrator program to reduce intimate partner violence (IPV) against female (ex)partners by men in substance use treatment, was adapted for digitally-supported delivery (ADVANCE-D), and (2) explores the feasibility and acceptability of delivering ADVANCE-D to men receiving substance use treatment.

Methods: Firstly, the person-based approach and mHealth development framework were used to iteratively adapt ADVANCE for digitally-supported delivery including conceptualization, formative research, and pre-testing.

The feasibility, acceptability, cost and benefits of a "communities of practice" model for improving the quality of childcare centres: a mixed-methods study in the informal settlements in Nairobi.

Background: Informal childcare centres have mushroomed in the informal settlements of Nairobi, Kenya to meet the increasing demand. However, centre providers are untrained and the facilities are below standard putting children at risk of poor health and development. We aimed to co-design and test the feasibility, acceptability, cost and potential benefits of a communities of practice (CoP) model where trained community health volunteers (CHVs) provide group training sessions to build skills and improve practices in informal childcare centres.

Integrated therapist and online CBT for depression in primary care (INTERACT): study protocol for a multi-centre randomised controlled trial.

Background: Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for depression. Self-directed online CBT interventions have made CBT more accessible at a lower cost. However, adherence is often poor and, in the absence of therapist support, effects are modest and short-term.

Guar gum-enhanced emission of gold nanoclusters for α-glucosidase activity detection and anti-diabetic agents screening in plant extracts.

The development of efficient fluorescent methods for α-glucosidase (α-Glu) detection and α-Glu inhibitor screening plays a critical role in the therapy of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Herein, guar gum (GG), a high-abundant and non-toxic natural polymer originated from the seeds of a drought-tolerant plant, Cyamposis tetragonolobus, was found to be able to enhance the fluorescence emission of gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) probe. The emission enhancement effect was achieved by using GG at very low concentrations (<1.

Synergistic effect of silver nanoclusters and graphene oxide on visible light-driven oxidase-like activity: Construction of a sustainable nanozyme for total antioxidant capacity detection.

The high cost and low reusability of natural enzymes greatly limit their application in biosensing. In this work, a sustainable nanozyme with light-driven oxidase-like activity was fabricated by integrating protein-capped silver nanoclusters (AgNCs) with graphene oxide (GO) through multiple non-covalent interactions. The prepared AgNCs/GO nanozyme could effectively catalyze the oxidation of various chromogenic substrates by activating dissolved O to reactive oxygen species under visible light irradiation.

The economics of healthcare access: a scoping review on the economic impact of healthcare access for vulnerable urban populations in low- and middle-income countries.

Background: The growing urban population imposes additional challenges for health systems in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We explored the economic burden and inequities in healthcare utilisation across slum, non-slum and levels of wealth among urban residents in LMICs.

Methods: This scoping review presents a narrative synthesis and descriptive analysis of studies conducted in urban areas of LMICs.

Swellable hollow periodic mesoporous organosilica capsules with ultrahigh loading capacity for hydrophobic drugs.

As a new kind of drug carrier, practical applications of hollow periodic mesoporous organosilica (HPMO) have been greatly limited by their low loading capacity for hydrophobic drugs. In this work, we demonstrated the preparation of HPMO capsules with tunable shell thickness by using 1,2-bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane as the precursor. The capsules with thin shells and thus low Young's modulus showed excellent swellability to organic solvents containing hydrophobic drugs.

Cost-utility of cytisine for smoking cessation over and above behavioural support in people with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis: an economic evaluation of a multicentre randomised controlled trial.

Objectives: To assess the cost-effectiveness of cytisine over and above brief behavioural support (BS) for smoking cessation among patients who are newly diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in low-income and middle-income countries.

Design: An incremental cost-utility analysis was undertaken alongside a 12-month, double-blind, two-arm, individually randomised controlled trial from a public/voluntary healthcare sector perspective with the primary endpoint at 6 months post randomisation.

Setting: Seventeen subdistrict hospitals in Bangladesh and 15 secondary care hospitals in Pakistan.

The feasibility of delivering the ADVANCE digital intervention to reduce intimate partner abuse by men receiving substance use treatment: protocol for a non-randomised multi-centre feasibility study and embedded process evaluation.

Background: Compared to men in the general population, men in substance use treatment are more likely to perpetrate intimate partner abuse (IPA). The ADVANCE group intervention for men in substance use treatment is tailored to address substance use and IPA in an integrated way. In a feasibility trial pre-COVID, men who received the ADVANCE intervention via face-to-face group delivery showed reductions in IPA perpetration.

The association between the retail price of manufactured cigarettes and bidis on current smoking status in India.

Introduction: In India, the retail prices of bidis and cigarettes varied between the two Global Adult Tobacco Surveys (GATS) conducted in 2009-2010 and 2016-2017. The relationship between the retail price of smoked tobacco products and their use is unclear for India. Our study thus aimed to use available datasets to investigate the association between the retail price and current smoking status of bidis and cigarettes in India.

Recognition and Detection of Wide Field Bionic Compound Eye Target Based on Cloud Service Network.

In this paper, a multidisciplinary cross-fusion of bionics, robotics, computer vision, and cloud service networks was used as a research platform to study wide-field bionic compound eye target recognition and detection from multiple perspectives. The current research status of wide-field bionic compound-eye target recognition and detection was analyzed, and improvement directions were proposed. The surface microlens array arrangement was designed, and the spaced surface bionic compound eye design principle cloud service network model was established for the adopted spaced-type circumferential hierarchical microlens array arrangement.

Scaling up tobacco cessation within TB programmes: findings from a multi-country, mixed-methods implementation study.

Background: Brief behavioural support can effectively help tuberculosis (TB) patients quit smoking and improve their outcomes. In collaboration with TB programmes in Bangladesh, Nepal and Pakistan, we evaluated the implementation and scale-up of cessation support using four strategies: (1) brief tobacco cessation intervention, (2) integration of tobacco cessation within routine training, (3) inclusion of tobacco indicators in routine records and (4) embedding research within TB programmes.

Methods: We used mixed methods of observation, interviews, questionnaires and routine data.

Evaluating the effectiveness of e-cigarettes compared with usual care for smoking cessation when offered to smokers at homeless centres: protocol for a multi-centre cluster-randomized controlled trial in Great Britain.

Background And Aims: Smoking is extremely common among adults experiencing homelessness, but there is lack of evidence for treatment efficacy. E-cigarettes are an effective quitting aid, but they have not been widely tested in smokers with complex health and social needs. Here we build upon our cluster feasibility trial and evaluate the offer of an e-cigarette or usual care to smokers accessing a homeless centre.

Long-Term Cost-Effectiveness of Smoking Cessation Interventions in People With Mental Disorders: A Dynamic Decision Analytical Model.

Objectives: People with mental disorders are more likely to smoke than the general population. The objective of this study is to develop a decision analytical model that estimates long-term cost-effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions in this population.

Methods: A series of Markov models were constructed to estimate average lifetime smoking-attributable inpatient cost and expected quality-adjusted life-years.

Effect of quitting smoking on health outcomes during treatment for tuberculosis: secondary analysis of the TB & Tobacco Trial.

Background: Despite treatment, patients with tuberculosis (TB) who smoke have poorer outcomes compared with non-smokers. It is unknown, however, if quitting smoking during the 6 months of TB treatment improves TB outcomes.

Methods: The TB & Tobacco Trial was a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomised trial of cytisine for smoking cessation in 2472 patients with pulmonary TB in Bangladesh and Pakistan.