Sodium formate induces development-dependent intestinal epithelial injury via necroptosis and apoptosis.

Objectives: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a common and sometimes fatal disease affecting premature infants. Elevated formate has been found in the stool of patients with NEC. Sodium formate (NaF) is used to explore the role of formate in the intestinal epithelial injury.

Bilirubin regulates cell death type by alleviating macrophage mitochondrial dysfunction caused by cigarette smoke extract.

Objectives: To explore the effects and mechanisms of bilirubin on mitochondrial function and type of macrophage cell death after exposure to cigarette smoke extract (CSE).

Methods: RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with different concentrations of CSE and bilirubin solutions and divided into four groups: control, CSE, bilirubin, and bilirubin + CSE groups.

[Effects of cigarette smoke extract on mitochondrial function of macrophages].

To investigate the effects of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on the mitochondrial function of macrophages. RAW264.7 macrophages were used for the experiment in this study.