Blocking CD40 Alleviates Th1 and Th17 Cell Responses in Elastin Peptide-Induced Murine Emphysema.

Purpose: To investigate the role of the CD40-CD40 ligand (CD40L) pathway in the regulation of Th1, Th17, and regulatory T (Treg)-cell responses in an elastin peptide (EP)-induced autoimmune emphysema mouse model.

Methods: BALB/c mice were transnasally treated with EP on day 0, injected intravenously with anti-CD40 antibody via the tail vein on day 33, and sacrificed on day 40. The severity of emphysema was evaluated by determining the mean linear intercept (MLI) and destructive index (DI) from lung sections.

Dyedauxiliary Groups, an Emerging Approach in Organic Chemistry. The Case of Arylazo Sulfones.

The number of research papers that report photocatalyst-free protocols is currently increasing. Among the different approaches proposed, the conversion of a strong C-X bond of a stable substrate into a photolabile reactive moiety has been recently proposed. In this Synopsis, we introduce the so-dubbed strategy by focusing on arylazo sulfones that are bench stable and visible-light responsive derivatives of anilines that have been exploited as precursors of a wide range of intermediates, including carbon-centered radicals as well as aryl cations.

Visible-Light-Driven Synthesis of Arylstannanes from Arylazo Sulfones.

The visible-light-driven preparation of (hetero)aryl stannanes was carried out under both photocatalyst- and metal-free conditions via irradiation of arylazo sulfones in the presence of hexaalkyldistannanes. The reaction shows a high efficiency and a wide substrates scope. The resulting crude organotin derivatives can be directly employed in a Stille protocol.