CFD Simulation of Dynamic Temperature Variations Induced by Tunnel Ventilation in a Broiler House.

Maintaining the optimal microclimate in broiler houses is crucial for bird productivity, yet enabling efficient temperature control remains a significant challenge. This study developed and validated a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model to predict temporal changes in indoor air temperature in response to variable ventilation operations in a commercial broiler house. The model accurately simulated air velocity and airflow distribution for different numbers of tunnel fans in operation, with air-velocity errors ranging from -0.

Ammonia and Particulate Matter Emissions at a Korean Commercial Pig Farm and Influencing Factors.

Quantifying emission factors of ammonia and particulate matter (PM) in livestock production systems is crucial for assessing and mitigating the environmental impact of animal production and for ensuring industry sustainability. This study aimed to determine emission factors of ammonia, total suspended particles (TSPs), PM, and PM for piglets and growing-finishing pigs at a commercial pig farm in Korea. It also sought to identify factors influencing these emission factors.

Evaluation of Actual Ventilation Rates and Efficiency in Research-Scale Pig Houses Based on Ventilation Configurations.

Accurate ventilation control is crucial for maintaining a healthy and productive environment in research-specialized pig facilities. This study aimed to evaluate actual ventilation rates and ventilation efficiency by investigating different inlet and exhaust configurations. The research was conducted in two pig rooms, namely pig room A and pig room B, in the absence of animals and workers to focus solely on evaluating the ventilation system's performance.

Evaluation of the microbiome composition in particulate matter inside and outside of pig houses.

Particulate matter (PM) produced in pig houses may contain microbes which can spread by airborne transmission, and PM and microbes in PM adversely affect human and animal health. To investigate the microbiome in PM from pig houses, nine PM samples were collected in summer 2020 inside and outside of pig houses located in Jangseong-gun, Jeollanam-do Province, Korea, comprising three PM samples from within a nursery pig house (I-NPH), three samples from within a finishing pig house (I-FPH), and three samples from outside of the pig houses (O-PH). Microbiomes were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing.

Dynamic band alignment modulation of ultrathin WO/ZnO stack for high on/off ratio field-effect switching applications.

A two-dimensional (2D) WO/ZnO stack reveals a unique carrier transport behavior, which can be utilized as a novel device element to achieve a very high on/off ratio (>10) and an off current density lower than 1 nA cm. These unique behaviors are explained by a dynamic band alignment between WO and ZnO, which can be actively modulated by a gate bias. The performance of FET utilizing the WO/ZnO stack is comparable to those of other 2D heterojunction devices; however, it has a unique benefit in terms of process integration because of very low temperature process capability (T < 110 °C).

Interdigitated Hierarchical Integration of an Efficient Lateral Perovskite Single-Crystal Solar Cell.

Single-crystal perovskite thin films were prepared by a scalable, one-step, geometrically confined lateral crystal growth (GC-LCG) method on a patterned rolling mold and used for a photovoltaic study. A record solar cell efficiency of 9.50 % under 0.

Selective Infiltration in Polymer Hybrid Thin Films as a Gas-Encapsulation Layer for Stretchable Electronics.

The infiltration depth and water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) were explored in a variety of AlO-polymer hybrid layers as thin gas barrier films by filling the free volumes of polymers in the subsurface region with AlO using the atomic layer infiltration (ALI) method. Among all, the prepared AlO-polyethylene terephthalate (PET), AlO-polyimide, and AlO-Nylon 6 hybrid thin layers with the infiltration depth in the nanometer ranges showed extremely low WVTR values (<10 g m day) in a Ca dot corrosion test. Furthermore, we observed selective infiltration among the two polymers [perfluoroalkoxy alkane (PFA) and PET] by a preferential growth of AlO in the PET polymer that might be based on effective functional group anchoring in the ALI process.

ZnO composite nanolayer with mobility edge quantization for multi-value logic transistors.

A quantum confined transport based on a zinc oxide composite nanolayer that has conducting states with mobility edge quantization is proposed and was applied to develop multi-value logic transistors with stable intermediate states. A composite nanolayer with zinc oxide quantum dots embedded in amorphous zinc oxide domains generated quantized conducting states at the mobility edge, which we refer to as "mobility edge quantization". The unique quantized conducting state effectively restricted the occupied number of carriers due to its low density of states, which enable current saturation.

Synthesis of novel lysophosphatidylcholine analogues using serine as chiral template.

Four novel lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC) analogues, (S)-N-stearoyl-O-phosphocholineserine methyl ester [(S)-1a], (R)-1-lyso-2-stearoylamino-2-deoxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine [(R)-2a], (R)-N-stearoyl-O-phosphocholineserine methyl ester [(R)-1b], and (S)-1-lyso-2-stearoylamino-2-deoxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine [(S)-2b], were synthesized starting from serine as a chiral template. These synthetic compounds exhibited greatly enhanced hyphal transition inhibitory activity in Candida as compared to the natural lysoPC.