Dendritic cells in Parkinson's disease: Regulatory role and therapeutic potential.

Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons and the presence of Lewy bodies. While the traditional focus has been on neuronal and glial cell dysfunction, recent research has shifted towards understanding the role of the immune system, particularly dendritic cells (DCs), in PD pathogenesis. As pivotal antigen-presenting cells, DCs are traditionally recognized for initiating and regulating immune responses.

Enhancement of hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis for methane production by nano zero-valent iron in soils.

Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) is attracting increasing attention as the most commonly used environmental remediation material. However, given the high surface area and strong reducing capabilities of nZVI, there is a lack of understanding regarding its effects on the complex anaerobic methane production process in flooded soils. To elucidate the mechanism of CH production in soil exposed to nZVI, paddy soil was collected and subjected to anaerobic culture under continuous flooding conditions, with various dosages of nZVI applied.

Responses of methane production and methanogenic pathways to polystyrene nanoplastics exposure in paddy soil.

Nanoplastics (NPs) have attracted increasing attention within terrestrial ecosystems. However, our understanding of their impacts on the intricate anaerobic methanogenesis processes occurring in paddy soils microbial communities remains limited with respect to nanoplastics shape, function, and metabolic effects. Herein, we explored the effects of polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) and microplastics (PS-MPs) on anaerobic methanogenesis in a typical paddy soil.

Single-cell RNA sequencing for the study of kidney disease.

The kidney is an important organ for maintaining normal metabolism and stabilising the internal environment, in which, the heterogeneity of cell types has hindered the progress in understanding the mechanisms underlying kidney disease. In recent years the application of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) in nephrology has developed rapidly. In this review, we summarized the technical platform related to scRNA-seq and the role of this technology in investigating the onset and development of kidney diseases, starting from several common kidney diseases (mainly including lupus nephritis, renal cell carcinoma, diabetic nephropathy and acute kidney injury), and provide a reference for the application of scRNA-seq in the study of kidney disease diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.

Effect of Tiaoshen Changzhi acupuncture on behavior and striatum ΔFosB in rats with levodopa-induced dyskinesias.

This study aims to study the effffects of Tiaoshen Changzhi acupuncture on behavior and striatum ΔFosB in rats with Levodopa-induced Dyskinesias (LIDs). In this experimental study, Levodopa-induced Dyskinesia (LID) rat models were established by 6-OHDA double-target injection and randomly assigned to six groups, with ten rats in each group. The rats were subjected to difffferent interventions for 28 days, and their behavior was observed.

Prediction of Photochemical Properties of Dissolved Organic Matter Using Machine Learning.

Apparent quantum yields (Φ) of photochemically produced reactive intermediates (PPRIs) formed by dissolved organic matter (DOM) are vital to element cycles and contaminant fates in surface water. Simultaneous determination of Φ values from numerous water samples through existing experimental methods is time consuming and ineffective. Herein, machine learning models were developed with a systematic data set including 1329 data points to predict the values of three Φ (Φ, Φ, and Φ) based on DOM spectral parameters, experimental conditions, and calculation parameters.

Inactivation mechanism of E. coli in water by enhanced photocatalysis under visible light irradiation.

Developing efficient and economical technologies for drinking water disinfection remains a challenge. We synthesized Ag/AgBr/LDH doped with various silver mass concentrations and explored its ability to inactivate E. coli under visible light irradiation (λ ≥ 400 nm).

Surfactant-sodium dodecyl sulfate enhanced degradation of polystyrene microplastics with an energy-saving electrochemical advanced oxidation process (EAOP) strategy.

Microplastics have been identified as a kind of emerging pollutant with potential ecological risks, and it is an urgent endeavor to find proper technologies for their remediation. Electrochemical advanced oxidation process (EAOP) technology has exhibited robust performance in the removal of various refractory organic pollutants. In this study, we explored a new remediation strategy for polystyrene microplastics (PS MPs), introducing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) to enhance its degradation performance in boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode adopted EAOP.

Metal-Free Regioselective Hydrophosphorodithioation of Spirovinylcyclopropyl Oxindoles: Rapid Access to Allyl Dialkylphosphorodithioates.

Phosphorodithioates are important substructures due to their great use in bioactive compounds and functional materials. A metal-free 1,5-addition of spirovinylcyclopropyl oxindoles have been developed by choosing PS and alcohol as nucleophiles through the regioselective ring-opening of spirovinylcyclopropyl oxindoles. This method provides access to allylic organothiophosphates with high efficiency, wide functional group tolerance, good chemo- and regioselectivity, and -selectivity.

A dynamic analysis of the relationship between investor sentiment and stock market realized volatility: Evidence from China.

Investor sentiment is a research focus in behavior finance. This paper chooses five proxy variables according to China's reality and uses a two-step principal component analysis to construct an investor sentiment index. The five proxy variables are the number of new stock accounts, turnover ratio, margin balance, net active purchasing amount, and investor attention.

Iodine-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation of Spirovinylcyclopropyl Oxindoles to Form Spiro-1,2-dioxolanes Diastereoselectively.

A novel method of iodine-catalyzed aerobic oxidation with spirovinylcyclopropyl oxindoles under mild conditions has been described. A series of spiro-1,2-dioxolanes were prepared in good to excellent yields and considerable diastereoselectivities. The new approach is operationally simple, scalable, and tolerant of various functional groups.

Tuning the Supramolecular Structures of Metal-Free Porphyrin via Surfactant Assisted Self-Assembly to Enhance Photocatalytic Performance.

Metal-free porphyrin with good planarity is beneficial to π-π stack interactions, which promotes electron coupling and the separation and transfer of photogenerated carriers. It is necessary to develop metal-free porphyrin-based photocatalysts and exploit the photocatalytic mechanism. Herein, metal-free porphyrin (5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin, TCPP) was self-assembled through an acid-based neutralization reaction and mixing dual-solvents under surfactants to form different aggregates.

Three-Dimensional Structure of PANI/CdS NRs-SiO₂ Hydrogel for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution with High Activity and Stability.

Three-dimensional PANI/CdSNRs-SiO₂ hydrogel (CdS NRs-PANI-SiO₂) was synthesized by loading polyaniline (PANI) onto the semiconductor CdS nanorods (NRs) surface and loading the binary complex on SiO₂ gel. The structure, optical properties, and electrochemical properties of the composite were studied in detail. The hydrogen production amount of CdS NRs-PANI (3%)-SiO₂ (20%) increased in comparison with CdS NRs and reached 43.

Facile Fabrication of 3D Graphene⁻Silica Hydrogel Composite for Enhanced Removal of Mercury Ions.

Adsorption is a highly promising and widely used approach to remove Hg(II) ions from contaminated water. The key to this technology is exploring the effective adsorbent. The three-dimensional (3D) graphene as reduced graphene oxide hydrogel (rGH)-encapsulated silica gel (SG-PEI/rGH) was prepared by a moderate chemical reduction strategy using ascorbic acid.

The Supramolecular Organogel Formed by Self-Assembly of Ursolic Acid Appended with Aromatic Rings.

Ursolic acid (UA) as a natural ursane-triterpenoid has rich pharmacological activities. We have found that it possesses aggregation properties and could self-assemble into organogels. Based on the aggregation property of ursolic acid in suitable solvents, its derivative appended with aromatic rings by amide groups was synthesized.

AgPO@UMOFNs Core-Shell Structure: Two-Dimensional MOFs Promoted Photoinduced Charge Separation and Photocatalysis.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a new type of functional material that is self-assembled by metal ions and organic ligands. In this paper, a bimetal-organic framework was synthesized and stripped into two-dimensional nanosheets structure via an ultrasonic method. We coated the UMOFNs (ultrathinning MOFs into two-dimensional nanosheets) on AgPO nanoparticles to obtain AgPO@UMOFNs core-shell photocatalysts.

[Comparison and analysis of clinical effects of total arthroscopic repair and arthroscopic-assisted small incision repair for the treatment of rotator cuff injury].

Objective: To investigate the clinical effects of arthroscopic repair and arthroscopic-assisted small incision repair for the treatment of rotator cuff injury.

Methods: The clinical data of 86 patients with rotator cuff injury from January 2012 to January 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. All the patients were divided into two groups: arthroscopic assisted small incision repair group(group A) and arthroscopic repair group(group B).

Synthesis and cytotoxicity evaluation of 3-amino-2-hydroxypropoxygenistein derivatives.

Soy isoflavones exhibit various biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and cardiovascular protective effects. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of sixteen synthesized 3-amino-2-hydroxypropoxy genistein derivatives on cell proliferation and activation of Nrf2 (Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2)/ARE (antioxidant response elements) pathway in human cancer cell lines. Most of the tested compounds exerted greater cytotoxic activity than genistein, as measured by MTT assay.

X-11-5-27, a daidzein derivative, inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activity via promoting autophagy.

NLRP3 inflammasome is a cytoplasmic multiprotein complex which plays a critical role in response to infection or injury, however, aberrant NLRP3 inflammasome activation is deleterious. In our study, we investigate the inhibitory effect of X-11-5-27, a daidzein derivative, on the NLRP3 inflammasome. The results showed that the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome was inhibited by X-11-5-27 in a dose-dependent manner, followed by a decrease in the cleavage of caspase-1 and maturation of IL-1β.

Gen-27, a newly synthesized flavonoid, inhibits glycolysis and induces cell apoptosis via suppression of hexokinase II in human breast cancer cells.

We have previously reported that Gen-27, a newly synthesized flavonoid, exhibits anticancer effects against human colorectal cancer cells. In this study, we investigated the anticancer effects in human breast cancer cell lines and its underlying mechanisms. We demonstrated that Gen-27 inhibited the growth and proliferation of human breast cancer cells in concentration and time-dependent manners.

Synthesis and cytotoxicity evaluation of 3-amino-2-hydroxypropoxyisoflavone derivatives.

Soy isoflavones exert a wide variety of biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a bZip transcription factor, plays a key role in soy isoflavones induced protection against oxidative stress and cancer. To obtain more effective isofavones, a series of 7,4'-bis-(3-amino-2-hydroxypropoxy), 7 or 4'-(3-amino-2-hydroxypropoxy) isoflavone derivatives have been synthesized as potential antitumor agents and Nrf2/ARE (antioxidant response element) activators.

GEN-27, a Newly Synthetic Isoflavonoid, Inhibits the Proliferation of Colon Cancer Cells in Inflammation Microenvironment by Suppressing NF-κB Pathway.

Nonresolving inflammation is one of the consistent features of the tumor microenvironment in the intestine and plays a critical role in the initiation and development of colon cancer. Here we reported the inhibitory effects of GEN-27, a new derivative of genistein, on the inflammation-related colon cancer cell proliferation and delineated the mechanism of its action. The results indicated that GEN-27 inhibited the proliferation of human colon tumor HCT116 cells stimulated by culture supernatants of LPS-induced human monocytes THP-1 cells and significantly decreased LPS-induced secretion of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 and interleukin-1β in THP-1 cells.

Self-Propelled and Long-Time Transport Motion of PVC Particles on a Water Surface.

Driven by the Marangoni effect, a poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) particle runs in its orbit (a) with high velocity due to the release of surfactant and heat. The PVC particles are also able to efficiently drive an aluminum bulk and to induce spinning and quick runs on a water surface (b).

Inflammasome-independent NLRP3 is required for epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colon cancer cells.

Inflammasome NLRP3 plays a crucial role in the process of colitis and colitis--associated colon cancer. Even though much is known regarding the NLRP3 inflammasome that regulates pro-inflammatory cytokine release in innate immune cells, the role of NLRP3 in non-immune cells is still unclear. In this study, we showed that NLRP3 was highly expressed in mesenchymal-like colon cancer cells (SW620), and was upregulated by tumor necrosis factors-α (TNF-α) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) respectively, during EMT in colon cancer epithelial cells HCT116 and HT29.

Chemopreventive activity of GEN-27, a genistein derivative, in colitis-associated cancer is mediated by p65-CDX2-β-catenin axis.

Nonresolving inflammation in the intestine predisposes individuals to colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC), which leads to high morbidity and mortality. Here we show that genistein-27 (GEN-27), a derivative of genistein, inhibited proliferation of human colorectal cancer cells through inhibiting β-catenin activity. Our results showed that GEN-27 increased expressions of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and axis inhibition protein 2 (AXIN2), and reduced β-catenin nuclear localization, which resulted from the inhibition of NF-κB/p65 nuclear localization and up-regulation of caudal-related homeobox transcription factor 2 (CDX2).