Autophagy Related 5 Promotes Mitochondrial Fission and Inflammation via HSP90-HIF-1α-Mediated Glycolysis in Kidney Fibrosis.

Although significant progress in identifying molecular mediators of fibrosis is made, there is still controversy regarding the role and mechanism of autophagy in kidney fibrosis. Here, this study finds that autophagy related 5 (ATG5) is obviously increased in uric acid (UA), aristolochic acid (AA) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced HK-2 cells, as well as in kidneys from patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and mice with hyperuricemic nephropathy (HN), aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN) and unilateral renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (uIRI). Conditional deletion of ATG5 in HN, AAN and uIRI murine models significantly alleviated aberrant glycolysis, attenuated pathological lesions, and improved kidney function.

Inhibition of Caspase-1 Suppresses GSDMD-mediated Peritoneal Mesothelial Cell Pyroptosis and Inflammation in Peritoneal Fibrosis.

Pyroptosis, belonging to programmed cell death, is shown to be mediated by gasdermin D (GSDMD) and gains more and more attention in innate immunity and multiple diseases. However, the role of GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis in peritoneal fibrosis (PF) remains unclear. This study observed NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis in the peritoneum of long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients with PF.

Construction of functional tissue-engineered microvasculatures using circulating fibrocytes as mural cells.

Mural cells are essential for maintaining the proper functions of microvasculatures. However, a key challenge of microvascular tissue engineering is identifying a cellular source for mural cells. We showed that , circulating fibrocytes (CFs) can (1) shear and stabilize the microvasculatures formed by vascular endothelial cells (VECs) in a collagen gel, (2) form gap junctions with VECs and (3) induce basement membrane formation.

Dynamic changes in serum albumin and ferritin indicate higher risk of early-onset peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients.

Introduction: The objective of this study is to investigate the dynamic changes in serum albumin and ferritin as potential predictors for early-onset peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis (PDRP) in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD).

Methods: This retrospective study included 215 patients with end-stage renal disease who initiated PD at Huadong Hospital. Patients were followed up to 24 months, during which episodes of PDRP were recorded.

The correlation between protein energy wasting and the incidence of main adverse cardiovascular events in adult maintenance hemodialysis patients: a single-center retrospective cohort study.

Background: Protein energy wasting (PEW) is prevalent in adult maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Concurrently, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain a leading cause of mortality in MHD patients. However, the relationship between PEW and CVD in MHD patients remains unclear.

Correction: Triterpenoid Dihydro-CDDO-Trifluoroethyl Amide Protects against Maladaptive Cardiac Remodeling and Dysfunction in Mice: A Critical Role of Nrf2.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

DCWPSO: particle swarm optimization with dynamic inertia weight updating and enhanced learning strategies.

Particle swarm optimization (PSO) stands as a prominent and robust meta-heuristic algorithm within swarm intelligence (SI). It originated in 1995 by simulating the foraging behavior of bird flocks. In recent years, numerous PSO variants have been proposed to address various optimization applications.

LCZ696, an angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor, ameliorates epithelial-mesenchymal transition of peritoneal mesothelial cells and M2 macrophage polarization.

Aims: To investigate the effects and mechanisms of LCZ696, an angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI), on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of peritoneal mesothelial cells and on macrophage M2 polarization.

Methods: We examined the effects of LCZ696 in a 4.25% high glucose peritoneal dialysis fluid (PDF)-induced peritoneal fibrosis (PF) mouse model, and explored the mechanisms of LCZ696 on human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) stimulated by TGF-β1 (5 ng/mL) and on Raw264.

Semivortex solitons and their excited states in spin-orbit-coupled binary bosonic condensates.

It is known that two-dimensional two-component fundamental solitons of the semivortex (SV) type, with vorticities (s_{+},s_{-})=(0,1) in their components, are stable ground states (GSs) in the spin-orbit-coupled (SOC) binary Bose-Einstein condensate with the contact self-attraction acting in both components, in spite of the possibility of the critical collapse in the system. However, excited states (ESs) of the SV solitons, with the vorticity set (s_{+},s_{-})=(S_{+},S_{+}+1) and S_{+}=1,2,3,..

gp120-derived amyloidogenic peptides form amyloid fibrils that increase HIV-1 infectivity.

Apart from mediating viral entry, the function of the free HIV-1 envelope protein (gp120) has yet to be elucidated. Our group previously showed that EP2 derived from one β-strand in gp120 can form amyloid fibrils that increase HIV-1 infectivity. Importantly, gp120 contains ~30 β-strands.

The disruptor of telomeric silencing 1-like (DOT1L) promotes peritoneal fibrosis through the upregulation and activation of protein tyrosine kinases.

The disruptor of telomeric silencing 1-like (DOT1L), a specific histone methyltransferase that catalyzed methylation of histone H3 on lysine 79, was associated with the pathogenesis of many diseases, but its role in peritoneal fibrosis remained unexplored. Here, we examined the role of DOT1L in the expression and activation of protein tyrosine kinases and development of peritoneal fibrosis. We found that a significant rise of DOT1L expression in the fibrotic peritoneum tissues from long-term PD patients and mice.

METTL3-mediated m6A methylation of C1qA regulates the Rituximab resistance of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cells.

Rituximab has been incorporated into the standard treatment regimen for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and induces the death of tumor cells via complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). Unfortunately, the resistance of DLBCL cells to Rituximab limits its clinical usefulness. It remains unclear whether the complement system is related to Rituximab resistance in DLBCL.

An experimental model of peripheral nerve electrical injury in rats.

Introduction: Although several studies have investigated models of nerve electrical injury, only a few have focused on electrical injury to peripheral nerves, which is a common and intractable problem in clinical practice. Here, we describe an experimental rat model of peripheral nerve electrical injury and its assessment.

Methods: A total of 120 animals were subjected to short-term corrective electrostimulation (50 Hz, 1-s duration) applied at varying voltages (control, 65, 75, 100, 125, and 150 V) to the exposed left sciatic nerve.

Rituximab treatment for refractory nephrotic syndrome in adults: a multicenter retrospective study.

Background: The treatment of refractory nephrotic syndrome (RNS) is full of challenges and the role of rituximab (RTX) is not well-established, thus this study aims to demonstrate the role of RTX in RNS.

Methods: This was a multicenter retrospective study of all adult patients receiving RTX for RNS. Patients enrolled were divided into two groups according to pathological pattern: 20 patients as a group of podocytopathy (including minimal change disease [MCD] and focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis [FSGS]), and 26 patients as membranous nephropathy (MN) group.

Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 promotes renal fibrosis after acute kidney injury by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition and activation of M2 macrophage polarization.

Long-term follow-up data indicates that 1/4 patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) will develop to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Our previous studies have demonstrated that enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) played an important role in AKI and CKD. However, the role and mechanisms of EZH2 in AKI-to-CKD transition are still unclear.

Histone deacetylase 8 inhibition prevents the progression of peritoneal fibrosis by counteracting the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and blockade of M2 macrophage polarization.

Background: Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is an effective replacement therapy for end-stage renal disease patients. However, long-term exposure to peritoneal dialysate will lead to the development of peritoneal fibrosis. Epigenetics has been shown to play an important role in peritoneal fibrosis, but the role of histone deacetylases 8 (HDAC8) in peritoneal fibrosis have not been elucidated.

A retrospective study of baseline peritoneal transport character and left ventricular hypertrophy in incident peritoneal dialysis patients: interrelationship and prognostic impacts.

Background: Left ventricular hypertrophy is associated with adverse outcomes among peritoneal dialysis patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic impact of baseline left ventricular hypertrophy and its relationship with baseline peritoneal transfer characteristics in peritoneal dialysis patients.

Methods: We enrolled 151 incident peritoneal dialysis patients to perform a multicentric retrospective cohort study since January 1, 2017 to January 31, 2021.

An updated clinical prediction model of protein-energy wasting for hemodialysis patients.

Background And Aim: Protein-energy wasting (PEW) is critically associated with the reduced quality of life and poor prognosis of hemodialysis patients. However, the diagnosis criteria of PEW are complex, characterized by difficulty in estimating dietary intake and assessing muscle mass loss objectively. We performed a cross-sectional study in hemodialysis patients to propose a novel PEW prediction model.

An Image Encryption Algorithm Based on Complex Network Scrambling and Multi-Directional Diffusion.

Various security threats are encountered when keys are transmitted in public channels. In this paper, we propose an image encryption algorithm based on complex network scrambling and multi-directional diffusion. Combining the idea of public key cryptography, the RSA algorithm is used to encrypt the key related to plaintext.

The rs8506 TT Genotype in Contributes to the Risk of Sepsis in a Southern Chinese Child Population.

Background: Sepsis is a highly life-threatening heterogeneous syndrome and a global health burden. Studies have shown that many genetic variants could influence the risk of sepsis. Long non-coding RNA may participate in functional alteration of endothelial cell vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling, whereas its relevance between the polymorphism and sepsis susceptibility is still unclear.

An Encryption Algorithm for Region of Interest in Medical DICOM Based on One-Dimensional -cos-cot Map.

Today, with the rapid development of the Internet, improving image security becomes more and more important. To improve image encryption efficiency, a novel region of interest (ROI) encryption algorithm based on a chaotic system was proposed. First, a new 1D eλ-cos-cot (1D-ECC) with better chaotic performance than the traditional chaotic system is proposed.