Fabrication and Stability Improvement of Monoglyceride Oleogel/Polyglycerol Polyricinoleate-Stabilized W/O High Internal Phase Pickering Emulsions.

To decrease the lipid content in water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions, high internal phase Pickering W/O emulsions (HIPPE) were fabricated using magnetic stirring using a combination of monoglyceride (MAG) oleogel and polyglycerol polyacrylate oleate (PGPR) as stabilizers. Effects of MAGs (glyceryl monostearate-GMS, glycerol monolaurate-GML and glycerol monocaprylate-GMC) and internal phase components on the formation and properties of HIPPEs were investigated. The results showed that milky-white stabilized W/O HIPPE with up to 85 wt% aqueous phase content was successfully prepared, and the droplet interfaces presented a network of MAG crystals, independent of the MAG type.

Advances in emulsion-based delivery systems for nutraceuticals: Utilization of interfacial engineering approaches to control bioavailability.

Designing functional foods fortified with nutraceuticals is an important focus of modern food science with the aim of improving human health and wellbeing. However, many nutraceuticals have a low water solubility and poor physiochemical stability, which makes it challenging to incorporate into food matrices. Moreover, nutraceuticals may also have a low bioavailability after oral administration because they can either precipitate or chemically degrade, and/or might not be absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract.

Crystallization Behavior and Physical Properties of Monoglycerides-Based Oleogels as Function of Oleogelator Concentration.

Oleogels have been shown as a promising replacer of hydrogenated vegetable oil. Fatty acid glycerides, including some typical mono- and di-glycerides, were used to form oleogels. The concentration effects of fatty acid glycerides on the crystallization behavior and physical properties of oleogels were investigated by using different analysis techniques.

Theoretical analysis of the thermoelectric properties of penta-PdX2 (X = Se, Te) monolayer.

Based on the successful fabrication of PdSe monolayers, the electronic and thermoelectric properties of pentagonal PdX (X = Se, Te) monolayers were investigated first-principles calculations and the Boltzmann transport theory. The results showed that the PdX monolayer exhibits an indirect bandgap at the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof level, as well as electronic and thermoelectric anisotropy in the transmission directions. In the PdTe monolayer, P-doping owing to weak electron-phonon coupling is the main reason for the excellent electronic properties of the material.

Separation of chemical constituents in Bidens pilosa Linn. var. radiata Sch. Bip. by elution-extrusion counter-current chromatography using two new three-phase solvent systems.

Two new three-phase solvent systems combined with elution-extrusion counter-current chromatography mode were used to study the chemical constituents in Bidens pilosa Linn. var. radiata Sch.

Labeling of Polymer Nanostructures for Medical Imaging: Importance of crosslinking extent, spacer length, and charge density.

Radiolabeling studies were employed to investigate the influence of structure on the efficiency of surface functionalization for poly(acrylic acid)-coated shell crosslinked nanoparticles (SCKs) with two types of amine-terminated DOTA chelators. An intricate interplay between the chemical and physical properties of both the DOTA derivative and the SCK nanostructures was revealed, demonstrating the importance of structural control.

SCKs as nanoparticle carriers of doxorubicin: investigation of core composition on the loading, release and cytotoxicity profiles.

SCK nanoparticles having differing core thermal characteristics were designed and evaluated as thermoresponsive drug delivery systems of doxorubicin for the killing of cancerous cells.

Facile, efficient approach to accomplish tunable chemistries and variable biodistributions for shell cross-linked nanoparticles.

The in vivo behavior of shell cross-linked knedel-like (SCK) nanoparticles is shown to be tunable via a straightforward and versatile process that advances SCKs as attractive nanoscale carriers in the field of nanomedicine. Tuning of the pharmacokinetics was accomplished by grafting varied numbers of methoxy-terminated poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG) chains to the amphiphilic block copolymer precursors, together with chelators for the radioactive tracer and therapeutic agent (64)Cu, followed by self-assembly into block copolymer micelles and chemical cross-linking throughout the shell regions. (64)Cu-radiolabeling was then performed to evaluate the SCKs in vivo by means of biodistribution experiments and positron emission tomography (PET).

Photo-Fries rearrangements of 1-naphthyl (R)-2-phenylpropanoate in poly(vinyl acetate) and ethyl acetate. Influence of medium polarity and polymer relaxation on motions of singlet radical pairs.

Both the regio- and stereo-chemistries of the photoreactions of 1-naphthyl (R)-2-phenylpropanoate have been investigated in poly(vinyl acetate) films in their glassy (at 5 degrees C) and melted (at 50 degrees C) states and in ethyl acetate. These results are compared with those from irradiations in polyethylene films and in n-hexane. The regioselectivity of the intermediate 1-naphthoxy/(R)-2-phenylpropanoyl radical pair combinations is much higher in both the melt and glassy states of poly(vinyl acetate) films than that in the melt state of completely amorphous polyethylene films, but the stereoselectivity of intermediate prochiral 1-naphthoxy/1-phenylethyl radical pair combinations is much lower in poly(vinyl acetate).

Combinations of chiral and prochiral singlet radical-pairs in reaction cavities of polyethylene films. Control and analysis of radical tumbling and translation.

The regio- and stereo-chemistries of combination products from chiral 1-naphthoxy/(R)-2-phenylpropanoyl and prochiral 1-naphthoxy/1-phenylethyl singlet radical-pairs (radical-pairs A and B, respectively) have been studied at different temperatures in polyethylene (PE) films with different crystallinities. The radical-pairs have been generated as intermediates along the photo-Fries reaction course of 1-naphthyl (R)-2-phenylpropanoate ((R)-1) and the photo-Claisen reaction course of 1-naphthyl (R)-1-phenylethyl ether ((R)-2). Radical-pair was produced directly upon lysis of the first excited singlet state of (R)-2 and indirectly after irradiation of (R)-1 and subsequent decarbonylation of the 2-phenylpropanoyl radical of radical-pair A.

Analyses of in-cage singlet radical-pair motions from irradiations of 1-naphthyl (R)-1-phenylethyl ether and 1-naphthyl -2-phenylpropanoate in n-alkanes.

[reaction: see text] The regio- and stereochemistries of photo-Claisen reactions of 1-naphthyl (R)-1-phenylethyl ether ((R)-2), in combination with photo-Fries and photo-Claisen-type reactions of 1-naphthyl (R)-2-phenylpropanoate ((R)-1), have been investigated in n-alkanes of different viscosities and at several temperatures. Analyses of the results provide detailed information about the in-cage motions of the singlet prochiral 1-naphthoxy/1-phenylethyl radical pairs (radical-pair B) that are formed directly from (R)-2 and indirectly from (R)-1 via decarbonylation of singlet chiral 1-naphthoxy/2-phenylpropanoyl radical pairs (radical-pair A). In hexane at 23 degrees C, the photo-Claisen products from irradiations of (R)-2 retain up to 31% enantiomeric excess (ee), but the ees of the same photoproducts from (R)-1 are near 0%.

Reaction cavities of liquid and solid phases of a long n-alkane, n-nonadecane, as probed by the regio- and stereo-chemical fates of two singlet radical pairs.

The regio- and stereo-chemistries of photo-Fries reactions of 1-naphthyl (R)-2-phenylpropanoate ((R)-1) and photo-Claisen reactions of 1-naphthyl (R)-1-phenylethyl ether ((R)-2) have been investigated in the liquid and solid phases of n-nonadecane. The results are compared with those obtained in a lower and higher viscosity liquid n-alkane. Irradiation of (R)-1 yields a prochiral singlet 1-naphthoxy-1-phenylethyl radical pair (radical pair B) indirectly, after decarbonylation of the initially formed chiral singlet 1-naphthoxy-2-phenylpropanoyl radical pair (radical pair A).

Enantioselectivity of prochiral radical-pair recombinations. Reaction cavity differentiation in polyethylene films.

reaction: see text] Recombinations of prochiral radical pairs from irradiations of 1-naphthyl (R)-2-phenylpropanoate in polyethylene films occur with significant enantioselectivity due to templating effects in the reaction cavities. Photoreactions in PE films in their unstretched or stretched states and of different crystallinity have been employed to distinguish between the characteristics of reaction cavities in amorphous and interfacial regions of the polymer.