Aiding Diagnosis and Classifying of Early Stage Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head with Convolutional Neural Network Based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Introduction: The Steinberg classification system is commonly used by orthopedic surgeons to stage the severity of patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH), and it includes mild, moderate, and severe grading of each stage based on the area of the femoral head affected. However, clinicians mostly grade approximately by visual assessment or not at all. To accurately distinguish the mild, moderate, or severe grade of early stage ONFH, we propose a convolutional neural network (CNN) based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the hip joint of patients to accurately grade and aid diagnosis of ONFH.

Metabolism-Based Herbicide Resistance to Mesosulfuron-methyl and Identification of Candidate Genes in .

The evolved resistance of Houtt. to ALS-inhibiting herbicides is well established. Previous studies have primarily focused on target-site resistance; however, non-target-site resistance has not been well characterized.

Electrocatalytic Generation of Singlet Oxygen via ROS-Mediated Redox Chain Reaction for Efficient Disinfection.

The risk of harmful microorganisms to ecosystems and human health has stimulated exploration of singlet oxygen (O)-based disinfection. It can be potentially generated via an electrocatalytic process, but is limited by the low production yield and unclear intermediate-mediated mechanism. Herein, we designed a two-site catalyst (Fe/Mo-N/C) for the selective O generation.

Biochar Loaded with a Bacterial Strain N33 Facilitates Pecan Seedling Growth and Shapes Rhizosphere Microbial Community.

Biochar and beneficial microorganisms have been widely used in ecological agriculture. However, the impact of biochar loaded with microbes (BM) on plant growth remains to be understood. In this study, BM was produced by incubating pecan biochar with the bacterial strain N33, and the effects of BM on pecan growth and the microbial community in the rhizosphere were explored.

Validation of numerical simulations and experiments on impulse characteristics induced by self-excited oscillation.

The high-frequency pulse flow, equivalent to the natural frequency of rocks, is generated by a self-excited oscillating cavity to achieve resonance rock-breaking. The flow field and oscillating mechanism of the self-excited oscillating cavity were simulated using the large eddy simulation method of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). A field-scale testing apparatus was developed to investigate the impulse characteristics and verify the simulation results.

Identification and Characterization of a Plant Endophytic Fungus sp. JRF11 and Its Growth-Promoting Effects.

Endophytic fungi establish mutualistic relationships with host plants and can promote the growth and development of plants. In this study, the endophytic fungus JRF11 was isolated from . Sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and gene combined with colonial and conidial morphology identified JRF11 as a strain.

Nanozyme with tailored selectivity and highly catalytic activity for efficient sensing of endotoxin and sourcing gram-negative bacteria.

Endotoxin detection is important for determining bacterial contamination and infection in fields of food, pharmaceutical and clinical disease diagnosis. The horseshoe crab deformed cell lysate analysis is regarded as the gold-standard method, but the endangered and high-cost horseshoe crab animals required in sensing process further raise animal ethical issues and hinder their applications. The colorimetric methods based on nanozymes are simple and economical, but the low selectivity and sensitivity are still the bottleneck for their further application.

Behavioral and molecular response of the insect parasitic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae to plant volatiles.

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) use the chemical cues emitted by insects and insect-damaged plants to locate their hosts. Steinernema carpocapsae, a species of EPN, is an established biocontrol agent used against insect pests. Despite its promising potential, the molecular mechanisms underlying its ability to detect plant volatiles remain poorly understood.

Effective automatic detection of anterior cruciate ligament injury using convolutional neural network with two attention mechanism modules.

Background: To develop a fully automated CNN detection system based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for ACL injury, and to explore the feasibility of CNN for ACL injury detection on MRI images.

Methods: Including 313 patients aged 16 - 65 years old, the raw data are 368 pieces with injured ACL and 100 pieces with intact ACL. By adding flipping, rotation, scaling and other methods to expand the data, the final data set is 630 pieces including 355 pieces of injured ACL and 275 pieces of intact ACL.

First Report of Colletotrichum aenigma Causing Anthracnose on Bromus japonicus in Tianjin, China.

Japanese brome (Bromus japonicus Thunb.) is a weed commonly found in roadsides, floodplain wetlands, and farmlands. During September 2020 and 2021, a leaf spot disease was observed on B.

Visual Cascaded-Progressive Convolutional Neural Network (C-PCNN) for Diagnosis of Meniscus Injury.

Objective: The objective of this study is to develop a novel automatic convolutional neural network (CNN) that aids in the diagnosis of meniscus injury, while enabling the visualization of lesion characteristics. This will improve the accuracy and reduce diagnosis times.

Methods: We presented a cascaded-progressive convolutional neural network (C-PCNN) method for diagnosing meniscus injuries using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

N4-acetylation of cytidine in mRNA plays essential roles in plants.

The biological function of RNA can be modulated by base modifications. Here, we unveiled the occurrence of N4-acetylation of cytidine in plant RNA, including mRNA, by employing LC-MS/MS and acRIP-seq. We identified 325 acetylated transcripts from the leaves of 4-week-old Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants and determined that 2 partially redundant N-ACETYLTRANSFERASEs FOR CYTIDINE IN RNA (ACYR1 and ACYR2), which are homologous to mammalian NAT10, are required for acetylating RNA in vivo.

First Report of Botrytis californica Causing Gray Mold on Blueberry in China.

Blueberry () is a perennial shrub which grows in acid soil. Its cultivation area has recently expanded rapidly due to its unique flavor and high nutritional value (Silver and Allen 2012). In June 2021, gray mold symptoms (8 to 12% incidence) were observed on harvested fruits of the blueberry cultivar 'Lanmei 1' during storage in Jiangning (31°50'N, 118°40'E), Nanjing, China.

A plant growth-promoting bacteria JR48 induces plant resistance to the crucifer black rot a salicylic acid-dependent signaling pathway.

pv. ()-induced black rot is one of the most serious diseases in cruciferous plants. Using beneficial microbes to control this disease is promising.

First Report of Colletotrichum truncatum Causing Anthracnose of Green Foxtail (Setaria viridis) in China.

Green foxtail (Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.), belonging to the family Gramineae, is a monocotyledonous plant that is distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world.

Crucial role of Ca /CN signalling pathway in the antifungal activity of disenecioyl-cis-khellactone against Botrytis cinerea.

Background: Botrytis cinerea causes grey mould and is one of the most destructive fungal pathogens affecting important fruit and vegetable crops. In preliminary studies, we found that disenecioyl-cis-khellactone (DK) had strong antifungal activity against several fungi species including B. cinerea [half maximal effective concentration (EC ) = 11.

Antifungal Activity and Possible Mechanism of FX2 Against the Postharvest Apple Ring Rot Pathogen.

induced apple ring rot is one of the most serious postharvest diseases in apple production. In our preliminary work, we isolated a bacterial strain (FX2) from an infested apple orchard. Here, we confirmed the strong antifungal activity of FX2 on .

First report of Leaf Spot Caused by Paramyrothecium foliicola on Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) in China.

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a staple vegetable across the world. In October 2019, leaf spots were observed on tomato (cv. Tianmi) in a greenhouse in JiZhou District Tianjin, China(117°10 'E; 39°55 'N).

Effects of biochar on the migration and transformation of metal species in a highly acid soil contaminated with multiple metals and leached with solutions of different pH.

A number of recent studies have been conducted on soil metal immobilization by biochars but there is little information on the migration and transformation of metal species in soils contaminated with multiple metals as affected by biochar and acid rain. Here, a column study investigated the effects of biochar derived from maize straw pyrolyzed at 600 °C on metal (Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd) mobility in a highly acid soil during leaching with simulated acid rain. All four metals examined were released at early stages of the leaching process and the percentages of the metals leached followed the sequence Zn > Cd > Cu > Pb.

The complete chloroplast genome sequence of .

is an evergreen ornamental tree species. The high-throughput sequencing technology was used to sequence and assemble the chloroplast genome of . Results showed that the chloroplast genome is 160,061 bp in length, of which the inverted repeats sequence (IRs) is 26,581 bp, the large single-copy region (LSC) and the small single copy region (SSC) are 88,097 bp and 18,802 bp, respectively.