Dihydromyricetin treats pulmonary hypertension by modulating CKLF1/CCR5 axis-induced pulmonary vascular cell pyroptosis.

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive cardiopulmonary disease characterized by elevated pulmonary artery pressure and vascular remodeling, resulting in poor prognosis and increased mortality rates. Chemokine-like factor 1 (CKLF1) plays a significant role in inducing inflammation and cell proliferation, both of which are critical processes in the pathogenesis of various diseases. Dihydromyricetin (DMY) has garnered attention for its potent anti-inflammatory properties.

Farnesol ameliorates DSS-induced IBD by regulating inflammatory cytokines, repairing the intestinal barrier, reversing the gut microbiota imbalance, and influencing fecal metabolome in C57BL/6 mice.

The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is rising globally, increasing interest in food ingredients for its prevention and control. This study evaluated the effect of farnesol (FAR), a key component of pomelo flower volatile oil, on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in C57BL/6 mice. FAR significantly alleviated DSS-induced colitis and secondary liver injury, as shown by improved body weight, DAI, colon length, and pathology, as well as liver function and blood lipid indices.

Progress of Exosomal MicroRNAs and Traditional Chinese Medicine Monomers in Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Exosomes, extracellular vesicles secreted by various cells, actively participate in intercellular communication by facilitating the exchange of crucial molecular information such as DNA, RNA, and lipids. Within this intricate network, microRNAs, endogenous non-coding small RNAs, emerge as pivotal regulators of post-transcriptional gene expression, significantly influencing the development of neurodegenerative diseases. The historical prominence of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in clinical practice in China underscores its enduring significance.

Asymmetric Cycloaddition of -2,2,2-Trifluoroethylisatin Ketimines and Unsymmetrical Dicarbonyl-Activated Alkenes: Construction of 5'-Trifluoromethylated 3,2'-Pyrrolidinyl Spirooxindoles with Three Carbonyl Groups.

The asymmetric cycloaddition between -2,2,2-trifluoroethylisatin ketimines and unsymmetrical dicarbonyl-activated alkenes catalyzed by a bifunctional squaramide has been discovered. The present study demonstrates an efficient approach for the regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselective synthesis of densely functionalized 5'-trifluoromethylated 3,2'-pyrrolidinyl spirooxindoles featuring three different types of carbonyl groups.

CCR5 and inflammatory storm.

Chemokines and their corresponding receptors play crucial roles in orchestrating inflammatory and immune responses, particularly in the context of pathological conditions disrupting the internal environment. Among these receptors, CCR5 has garnered considerable attention due to its significant involvement in the inflammatory cascade, serving as a pivotal mediator of neuroinflammation and other inflammatory pathways associated with various diseases. However, a notable gap persists in comprehending the intricate mechanisms governing the interplay between CCR5 and its ligands across diverse and intricate inflammatory pathologies.

Ginsenoside Rg1 treats ischemic stroke by regulating CKLF1/CCR5 axis-induced neuronal cell pyroptosis.

Background: Ischemic stroke, a severe and life-threatening neurodegenerative condition, currently relies on thrombolytic therapy with limited therapeutic window and potential risks of hemorrhagic transformation. Thus, there is a crucial need to explore novel therapeutic agents for ischemic stroke. Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1), a potential neuroprotective agent, exhibits anti-ischemic effects attributed to its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-apoptotic properties.

CC chemokines Modulate Immune responses in Pulmonary Hypertension.

Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) represents a progressive condition characterized by the remodeling of pulmonary arteries, ultimately culminating in right heart failure and increased mortality rates. Substantial evidence has elucidated the pivotal role of perivascular inflammatory factors and immune dysregulation in the pathogenesis of PH. Chemokines, a class of small secreted proteins, exert precise control over immune cell recruitment and functionality, particularly with respect to their migration to sites of inflammation.

Sophoridine inhibits endotoxin-induced acute lung injury by enhancing autophagy of macrophage and reducing inflammation.

Acute lung injury (ALI) is characterized by uncontrolled inflammation, which can lead to respiratory distress syndrome and cause patient death. In this study, we sought to determine the role of sophoridine, a compound purified from sophora, in ALI. A mouse model of ALI was established by treating mice with LPS through nonexposed tracheal instillation.

Growth Hormone Receptor Controls Adipogenic Differentiation of Chicken Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Affecting Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Mitochondrial Function.

Growth hormone receptor (GHR) can activate several signaling pathways after binding to growth hormone (GH) to regulate cell growth and development. Sex-linked dwarf (SLD) chickens, normal protein functions are prevented because of exon mutations in the gene, have more severe fat deposition. However, the specific molecular mechanisms responsible for this phenotype remains unclear.

Growth hormone receptor gene influences mitochondrial function and chicken lipid metabolism by AMPK-PGC1α-PPAR signaling pathway.

Background: Adipose tissue is an important endocrine and energy-storage organ in organisms, and it plays a crucial role in the energy-metabolism balance. Previous studies have found that sex-linked dwarf (SLD) chickens generally have excessively high abdominal fat deposition during the growing period, which increases feeding costs. However, the underlying mechanism of this fat deposition during the growth of SLD chickens remains unknown.

[Th1 immune response induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra in NOD2 knockout mice].

Objective To investigate the roles of Th1 cytokines tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and multifunctional T cells in nucleotides binding oligomer domain 2 knockout (NOD2) mice infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) H37Ra. Methods Mouse models of pulmonary infection were established by tracheal instillation of MTB strain H37Ra into NOD2 mice and C57BL/6 mice (n=10 each group). Lung tissues were removed and stained by HE staining and pathological scores were evaluated 4 weeks after infection.

Tuning the Protein Phosphorylation by Receptor Type Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Epsilon (PTPRE) in Normal and Cancer Cells.

Tyrosine phosphorylation is an important post-translation modification of proteins that is controlled by tyrosine kinases and phosphatases. Disruption of the balance between the activity of tyrosine kinases and phosphatases may result in diseases. Receptor type protein tyrosine phosphatase epsilon (PTPRE) is closely related with receptor type protein tyrosine phosphatase alpha (PTPRA).

A species-specific activation of Toll-like receptor signaling in bovine and sheep bronchial epithelial cells triggered by Mycobacterial infections.

Pulmonary tuberculosis caused by a Mycobacterium infection remains a major public health problem in most part of the world, in part owing to the transmission of its pathogens between hosts including human, domestic and wild animals. To date, molecular mechanisms of the pathogenesis of TB are still incompletely understood. In addition to alveolar macrophages, airway epithelial cells have also been recently recognized as main targets for Mycobacteria infections.

Enhanced and durable protective immune responses induced by a cocktail of recombinant BCG strains expressing antigens of multistage of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Although Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine confers protection from Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in children, its immune protection gradually wanes over time, and consequently leads to an inability to prevent the reactivation of latent infection of M. tuberculosis. Therefore, improving BCG for better control of tuberculosis (TB) is urgently needed.

High level of IFN-γ released from whole blood of human tuberculosis infections following stimulation with Rv2073c of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

More efficacious and specific biomarkers are urgently needed for better control of tuberculosis (TB), the second leading infectious cause of mortality worldwide. The region of difference 9 (RD9) presents the genome of the causative pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis rather than other species of the genus Mycobacterium, which might be promising targets for specific diagnosis, vaccine development and pathogenesis. In this study, two proteins Rv2073c and Rv2074, encoded by the RD9 were expressed and purified from Escherichia coli system.

Protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection offered by a new multistage subunit vaccine correlates with increased number of IFN-γ+ IL-2+ CD4+ and IFN-γ+ CD8+ T cells.

Protein subunit vaccines present a compelling new area of research for control of tuberculosis (TB). Based on the interaction between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its host, five stage-specific antigens of M. tuberculosis that participate in TB pathogenesis--Rv1813, Rv2660c, Ag85B, Rv2623, and HspX--were selected.

Comparison of BCG prime-DNA booster and rBCG regimens for protection against tuberculosis.

Developing an effective adult prophylaxis vaccine is a high priority in the global control of tuberculosis (TB), because TB remains an important public health problem and the current widely used BCG vaccine provides effective protection only for children but variable protection against adult TB. BCG priming-heterologous vaccines booster and recombinant BCG technologies have been thought as two important regimens for inducing effective protection against adult TB. Obviously, defining the protective efficacy of the two regimens would benefit more rational design of the future adult TB vaccines.

[Sophoridine inhibits NF-kappaB signaling pathway activation in kidney tissue of endotoxemia mice].

This study is to investigate the effects of sophoridine on NF-kappaB signaling pathway in kidney tissue of endotoxemia mice and the mechanism involved. BALB/c mice were challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) caudal vein injection, then sophoridine was administered by intraperitoneal injection. Totally 50 mice were divided into 5 groups: control group, LPS model group, sophoridine treatment 12 mg x kg(-1) group, 6 mg x kg(-1) group and 3 mg x kg(-1) group.

[Effect of maternal isolation stress on epilepsy susceptibility in young rats].

Objective: To study the effect of maternal isolation stress on the epilepsy susceptibility in young rats and the possible mechanism.

Methods: Sixty Sprague-Dawley young rats were randomly divided into a normal control and two maternal isolation groups that were subjected to maternal isolation for 15 min or 3 hrs daily on postnatal days 2-17. On postnatal day 18, an amygdala kindling test was performed to induce seizures.

Clinical study of West syndrome with PS and late-onset epileptic spasms.

Objective: Some patients resemble West syndrome (WS) but they do not fit the typical pattern completely. The aim of this study was to determine whether these conditions represent variant patterns of classic WS or reveal specific features related with other pathogenesis.

Methods: We investigated the electro-clinical features, neuroimaging and pathophysiological mechanism in 85 children of WS with or without partial seizure (PS) and late-onset epileptic spasms (LOES), followed up for 2-5 years.