The miR3367-lncRNA67-GhCYP724B module regulates male sterility by modulating brassinosteroid biosynthesis and interacting with Aorf27 in Gossypium hirsutum.

Cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines play a crucial role in utilization of heterosis in crop plants. However, the mechanism underlying the manipulation of male sterility in cotton by long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and brassinosteroids (BRs) remains elusive. Here, using an integrative approach combining lncRNA transcriptomic profiles with virus-induced gene silencing experiments, we identify a flower bud-specific lncRNA in the maintainer line 2074B, lncRNA67, negatively modulating with male sterility in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum).

Evolutionary comparison of lncRNAs in four cotton species and functional identification of LncR4682-PAS2-KCS19 module in fiber elongation.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in various biological processes in plants. However, there have been few reports on the evolutionary signatures of lncRNAs in closely related cotton species. The lncRNA transcription patterns in two tetraploid cotton species and their putative diploid ancestors were compared in this paper.

GbPP2C80 Interacts with GbWAKL14 to Negatively Co-Regulate Resistance to Fusarium and Verticillium wilt via MPK3 and ROS Signaling in Sea Island Cotton.

Fusarium wilt (FW) is widespread in global cotton production, but the mechanism underlying FW resistance in superior-fiber-quality Sea Island cotton is unclear. This study reveals that FW resistance has been the target of genetic improvement of Sea Island cotton in China since the 2010s. The key nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP, T/C) of gene Gbar_D03G001670 encoding protein phosphatase 2C 80 (PP2C80) results in an amino acid shift (L/S), which is significantly associated with FW resistance of Sea Island cotton.

Yield-related quantitative trait loci identification and lint percentage hereditary dissection under salt stress in upland cotton.

Salinity is frequently mentioned as a major constraint in worldwide agricultural production. Lint percentage (LP) is a crucial yield-component in cotton lint production. While the genetic factors affect cotton yield in saline soils are still unclear.

Analysis of retinal arteriolar and venular parameters in primary open angle glaucoma.

Aim: To measure the retinal vessels of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients on spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) with a full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) algorithm to better explore their structural changes in the pathogenesis of POAG.

Methods: In this retrospective case-control study, the right eyes of 32 patients with POAG and 30 healthy individuals were routinely selected. Images of the supratemporal and infratemporal retinal vessels in the B zones were obtained by SD-OCT, and the edges of the vessels were identified by the FWHM method.

Identification of fertility restoration candidate genes from a restorer line R186 for Gossypium harknessii cytoplasmic male sterile cotton.

Background: The utilization of heterosis based on three-line system is an effective strategy in crop breeding. However, cloning and mechanism elucidation of restorer genes for cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) in upland cotton have yet been realized.

Results: This research is based on CMS line 2074A with the cytoplasm from Gossypium harknessii (D) and restorer line R186.

Plant non-coding RNAs function in pollen development and male sterility.

Male sterility is classified as either cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) or genic male sterility (GMS). Generally, CMS involves mitochondrial genomes interacting with the nuclear genome, while GMS is caused by nuclear genes alone. Male sterility is regulated by multilevel mechanisms in which non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and phased small interfering RNAs (phasiRNAs), which have been proven to be critical elements.

A Ghd7-centered regulatory network provides a mechanistic approximation to optimal heterosis in an elite rice hybrid.

Heterosis refers to the superior performance of hybrids over their parents, which is a general phenomenon occurring in diverse organisms. Many commercial hybrids produce high yield without delayed flowering, which we refer to as optimal heterosis and is desired in hybrid breeding. Here, we attempted to illustrate the genomic basis of optimal heterosis by reinvestigating the single-locus quantitative trait loci and digenic interactions of two traits, the number of spikelets per panicle (SP) and heading date (HD), using recombinant inbred lines and 'immortalized F s' derived from the elite rice (Oryza sativa) hybrid Shanyou 63.

Identification of candidate genes involved in salt stress response at germination and seedling stages by QTL mapping in upland cotton.

Salinity is a major abiotic stress at critical stages of seed germination and seedling establishment. Germination rate (GR) and field emergence rate (FER) are the key traits that determine the basic number of plants stand under field conditions. To explore molecular mechanisms in upland cotton under salt stress, a population of 177 recombinant inbred lines, and their parents were evaluated for seed germination traits (GP, germination potential; GR; FW, fresh weight; DW, dry weight; GL, germinal length) and seedling traits (FER; SH, seedling height; NL, number of main stem leaves) in 2016-2018.

Two Aquaporin Genes, and , Positively Regulate the Tolerance of Upland Cotton to Salt and Osmotic Stresses.

Aquaporins (AQPs) facilitate the transport of water and small molecules across intrinsic membranes and play a critical role in abiotic stresses. In this study, 111, 54, and 56 candidate genes were identified in (AD), (A), and (D), respectively, and were further classified into five subfamilies, namely, plasma intrinsic protein (PIP), tonoplast intrinsic protein (TIP), nodulin 26-like intrinsic protein (NIP), small basic intrinsic protein (SIP), and uncategorized X intrinsic protein (XIP). Transcriptome analysis and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed some high-expression and (PIP and TIP genes in , respectively) in drought and salt stresses.

A Calmodulin-Like Gene () for Fiber Strength and Yield Improvement Identified by Resequencing Core Accessions of a Pedigree in .

Sea Island cotton () is world-renowned for its superior natural fiber. Although fiber strength is one of the most important fiber quality traits, genes contributing to fiber strength are poorly understood. Production of sea island cotton also is inextricably linked to improving its relatively low yield, thus enhancing the importance of joint improvement of both fiber quality and yield.

Genomic and GWAS analyses demonstrate phylogenomic relationships of Gossypium barbadense in China and selection for fibre length, lint percentage and Fusarium wilt resistance.

Sea Island cotton (Gossypium barbadense) is the source of the world's finest fibre quality cotton, yet relatively little is understood about genetic variations among diverse germplasms, genes underlying important traits and the effects of pedigree selection. Here, we resequenced 336 G. barbadense accessions and identified 16 million SNPs.

Embryogenic Calli Induction and Salt Stress Response Revealed by RNA-Seq in Diploid Wild Species and .

Wild cotton species can contribute to a valuable gene pool for genetic improvement, such as genes related to salt tolerance. However, reproductive isolation of different species poses an obstacle to produce hybrids through conventional breeding. Protoplast fusion technology for somatic cell hybridization provides an opportunity for genetic manipulation and targeting of agronomic traits.

QTL controlling fiber quality traits under salt stress in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.).

QTL for fiber quality traits under salt stress discerned candidate genes controlling fatty acid metabolism. Salinity stress seriously affects plant growth and limits agricultural productivity of crop plants. To dissect the genetic basis of response to salinity stress, a recombinant inbred line population was developed to compare fiber quality in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.

GhCIPK6a increases salt tolerance in transgenic upland cotton by involving in ROS scavenging and MAPK signaling pathways.

Background: Salt stress is one of the most damaging abiotic stresses in production of Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Upland cotton is defined as a medium salt-tolerant crop. Salinity hinders root development, shoots growth, and reduces the fiber quality.

Mitochondrial proteomic analysis reveals that proteins relate to oxidoreductase activity play a central role in pollen fertility in cotton.

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is an important economic crop. Cytoplasm male sterility (CMS) has been used to develop hybrid system and to produce hybrid seeds in cotton, but the molecular mechanism of CMS remains unclear.

Fiber Quality Improvement in Upland Cotton ( L.): Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping and Marker Assisted Selection Application.

Genetic improvement in fiber quality is one of the main challenges for cotton breeders. Fiber quality traits are controlled by multiple genes and are classified as complex quantitative traits, with a negative relationship with yield potential, so the genetic gain is low in traditional genetic improvement by phenotypic selection. The availability of genomic sequences facilitates the development of high-throughput molecular markers, quantitative trait loci (QTL) fine mapping and gene identification, which helps us to validate candidate genes and to use marker assisted selection (MAS) on fiber quality in breeding programs.

Intergenomic gene transfer in diploid and allopolyploid Gossypium.

Background: Intergenomic gene transfer (IGT) between nuclear and organellar genomes is a common phenomenon during plant evolution. Gossypium is a useful model to evaluate the genomic consequences of IGT for both diploid and polyploid species. Here, we explore IGT among nuclear, mitochondrial, and plastid genomes of four cotton species, including two allopolyploids and their model diploid progenitors (genome donors, G.

Genome-wide quantitative trait loci reveal the genetic basis of cotton fibre quality and yield-related traits in a Gossypium hirsutum recombinant inbred line population.

Cotton is widely cultivated globally because it provides natural fibre for the textile industry and human use. To identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs)/genes associated with fibre quality and yield, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population was developed in upland cotton. A consensus map covering the whole genome was constructed with three types of markers (8295 markers, 5197.

Cumulative and different genetic effects contributed to yield heterosis using maternal and paternal backcross populations in Upland cotton.

Heterosis has been utilized in commercial production, but the heterosis mechanism has remained vague. Hybrid cotton is suitable to dissect the heterosis mechanism. In order to explore the genetic basis of heterosis in Upland cotton, we generated paternal and maternal backcross (BC/P and BC/M) populations.

Evolution of PEPC gene family in Gossypium reveals functional diversification and GhPEPC genes responding to abiotic stresses.

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) family genes play important roles in regulating plant growth and abiotic stress response. Based on the sequenced Gossypium genomes, we performed comprehensive analysis of PEPC homolog genes in cotton, which six, six, eleven and ten PEPC genes were identified in Gossypium arboreum (A), G. raimondii (D), G.

Genome wide identification of the trihelix transcription factors and overexpression of Gh_A05G2067 (GT-2), a novel gene contributing to increased drought and salt stresses tolerance in cotton.

We identified 102, 51 and 51 proteins encoded by the trihelix genes in Gossypium hirsutum, Gossypium arboreum and Gossypium raimondii, respectively. RNA sequence data and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that Gh_A05G2067 (GT-2) was highly upregulated under drought and salt stress conditions. Transient expression of GT-2-green fluorescent protein fusion protein in protoplast showed that GT-2 was localized in the nucleus.