Integration of Circulating Tumor DNA and Metabolic Parameters on F-Fludeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography for Outcome Prediction in Unresectable Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

This prospective study explores the prognostic value of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and positron emission tomography/computed tomograpy (PET/CT) in unresectable locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC) treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT). The discovery set includes 62 patients, with 62 baseline and 53 post-CRT plasma samples. PET/CT is performed at baseline, and 33 patients undergo mid-treatment scans after 40 Gy.

The prognosis prediction value of CD69+ CD8+ tissue-resident memory T cell as a novel indicator of pathologic complete response heterogeneity following different neoadjuvant therapy regimen in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Improving pathological complete response (pCR) rate is currently the main goal of neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (LA-ESCC). However, improved pCR rates do not consistently translate into better prognosis, likely due to regimen-specific pCR heterogeneity. We investigated this heterogeneity and potential biomarkers between two common neoadjuvant regimens.

Real-world data on immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy in elderly patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer.

Background: Immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy has shown good results in the treatment of extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC), but there are fewer clinical studies on elderly ES-SCLC patients. This study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of immunotherapy in combination with chemotherapy in elderly patients with ES-SCLC.

Methods: Elderly patients with ES-SCLC who were 70 years of age or older and were diagnosed at Shandong Cancer Hospital from May 20, 2020, to February 24, 2023, were included in this study.

CT-based radiomics-deep learning model predicts occult lymph node metastasis in early-stage lung adenocarcinoma patients: A multicenter study.

Objective: The neglect of occult lymph nodes metastasis (OLNM) is one of the pivotal causes of early non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) recurrence after local treatments such as stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) or surgery. This study aimed to develop and validate a computed tomography (CT)-based radiomics and deep learning (DL) fusion model for predicting non-invasive OLNM.

Methods: Patients with radiologically node-negative lung adenocarcinoma from two centers were retrospectively analyzed.

The Impact of Radiation Dose to Immune Cells in Stage IV Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in the Era of Immunotherapy.

Purpose: Thoracic radiotherapy (RT) is now widely used in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as palliative, consolidative or radical therapy. However, RT adversely impacts the immune system, which can be evaluated by calculating the estimated dose of radiation to immune cells (EDRIC). We evaluated the prognostic impact of the EDRIC in patients with advanced NSCLC who received immunotherapy and thoracic RT.

Addition of thoracic radiotherapy to a PD-L1 inhibitor plus chemotherapy regimen delays brain metastasis onset in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer patients without baseline brain metastasis.

Background: With the application of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and the discovery of the synergistic effect of radiotherapy and immunotherapy, the intracranial benefit of thoracic radiotherapy (TRT) is receiving signiffcant clinical attention. The purpose of this study was to analyze the cranial benefits of ICIs and TRT in patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) without baseline brain metastases (BMs).

Materials And Methods: From August 2019 to August 2022, data from patients diagnosed with ES-SCLC without baseline BMs were retroactively recorded.

Systemic immune-inflammation index to albumin (SII/ALB) ratio as a novel dual-dimensional powerful predictor for hip fractures in elderly females with diabetes: a postmenopausal longitudinal cohort study.

Purpose: Hip fracture is the most dangerous and potentially lethal fracture, described as "the last fracture of life" in older adults. Previous studies have shown that excessive immunoinflammatory response and nutrient deficiency may be involved. Nevertheless, a predictor for hip fracture risk that combines a thorough evaluation of immunoinflammatory with malnutritional conditions in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains scarce.

Molecular profiling of skin cells identifies distinct cellular signatures in radiation-induced skin injury across various stages in the murine dataset.

Background: Radiation-induced skin injury (RISI) commonly manifests in cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy (RT). However, a universally accepted standard for treating radiation injury has not yet been established. Our objective was to provide a detailed molecular overview of skin pre- and post-radiation therapy, aiming to enhance our understanding of the subclusters and molecular mechanisms contributing to radiodermatitis.

Postoperative Adjuvant Therapy Benefits Non-pCR Patients Rather Than pCR Patients for Locally Advanced ESCC: A Multicenter Real-World Study.

Background: There is no unified standard in adjuvant therapy (AT) for patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) after neoadjuvant therapy and surgery. We evaluated the significance of AT for these patients and explored its influencing factors.

Methods: ESCC patients who underwent neoadjuvant therapy and surgery from 2019 to 2022 at three centers were divided into AT (n = 227) and non-AT groups (n = 435).

Stage-dependent spatial distribution and prognostic value of CD8 tissue-resident memory T cells in NSCLC.

CD8 tissue-resident memory T cells (CD8T), expressing PD-1 and/or TIM-3, are linked to immunological surveillance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, their prognostic value across activation states and spatial distributions in NSCLC stages is unclear. We analyzed 271 NSCLC patients' primary tumors and lymph nodes, using multiplex immunohistochemistry and inForm software for cell identification.

C-X-C-chemokine-receptor-type-4 as a potential target for diagnosis and treatment of acute radiation-induced esophagitis.

Purpose: Acute radiation-induced esophagitis (ARIE) is a common and dose-limiting adverse reaction associated with radiotherapy for thoracic tumors. mRNA sequencing identified CXCR4 as a potential target for noninvasive imaging of ARIE and significant up-regulation of CXCR4 expression was further confirmed in ARIE experimental animal model and clinical samples. This research investigated the feasibility of targeting CXCR4 for the diagnosis and treatment of ARIE.

Comparison of Al[F]-NOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT and [F]-FDG PET/CT in a patient with lung cancer and pulmonary tuberculosis: a case report and literature review.

Background: The coexistence of lung cancer and pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) makes differential diagnosis even more complicated. The purpose of the study is to explore superiority of [F]-NOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT in distinguishing TB from malignant lesions and accurately detecting inflammatory lymph nodes than [F]-FDG PET/CT.

Case Summary: Herein, we described a case report of a patient with both lung cancer and tuberculosis underwent [F]-FDG and Al[F]-NOTA-FAPI-04 positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) to determine staging.

Excessive lymph node dissection increases postoperative cardiovascular disease risk in non-small cell lung cancer patients.

Heart disease is the second leading cause of death in lung cancer (LC) patients, with postoperative cardiovascular disease (CVD) commonly linked to lymph node dissection (LND). This study aimed to clarify the optimal number of lymph nodes (LNs) to be dissected by investigating the impact of LND on CVD related death in patients with surgically resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We analyzed data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database for a total of 154,566 patients with stage IA-IIIA NSCLC that underwent curative surgery from 2000 to 2020, and further validated using clinical data from a single-center cohort.

The burden of COVID-19 death for different cancer types: a large population-based study.

Background: Viral mutations and immune dysfunction still lead to recurrent infections of COVID-19 in cancer patients. Our aim in this study was to explore the differences in cumulative risk of COVID-19 death from different cancer types and characterise clinical and demographic factors associated with COVID-19 death.

Methods: We conducted a population-based study using the National Cancer Database, which included all cancer types.

Development of A Caregiver-Reported Scale for Pediatric Cancer Financial Toxicity (CRS-PCFT).

Background: Financial toxicity is common among families of pediatric patients with cancer. However, the availability of survey and/or screening instruments specific to pediatric family financial toxicity is limited.

Methods: A two-round cross-sectional survey was conducted in Shandong Province, China.

Efficacy and safety of aumolertinib in EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer with leptomeningeal metastasis: a single‑center retrospective study.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of aumolertinib in treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of clinical data from 79 patients with EGFR-mutated advanced NSCLC treated with aumolertinib after being diagnosed with LM at Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute between April 2020 and July 2023. We evaluated overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), LM-PFS, and safety.

Synergistic enhancement of radio-immunotherapy efficacy by IL-15 via macrophage activation and memory T cell response.

Successful immunotherapy requires systemic activation of the immune system. Radio-immunotherapy has a synergistic effect, enhancing this activation, but still faces many challenges, requiring methods to further improve its efficacy. Interleukin 15 (IL-15) is considered a potential therapeutic agent because of its broad immunoregulatory activity.

Thyroxine alleviates interstitial lung disease induced by combined radiotherapy and immunotherapy.

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) combined with radiotherapy (RT) has improved patients survival, but also increased the risk of pulmonary adverse effects (AEs). Therefore, to explore potential drug targets for interstitial lung disease (ILD). We investigated the interaction of ICB and RT in pulmonary AEs using the disproportionality analysis and COX regression.

Computed Tomography-Based Radiomics and Genomics Analyses for Survival Prediction of Stage III Unresectable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated With Definitive Chemoradiotherapy and Immunotherapy.

The standard therapy for locally unresectable advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is comprised of chemoradiotherapy (CRT) before immunotherapy (IO) consolidation. However, how to predict treatment outcomes and recognize patients that will benefit from IO remain unclear. This study aimed to identify prognostic biomarkers by integrating computed tomography (CT)-based radiomics and genomics.

The Association Between Neutrophil-Percentage-to-Albumin Ratio (NPAR) and Mortality Among Individuals With Cancer: Insights From National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Background: Neutrophils interact with tumor cells, potentially exacerbating cancer progression. Additionally, decreased albumin levels are a marker of poor cancer prognosis. The neutrophil-percentage-to-albumin ratio (NPAR) has been used for prognostic assessment in non-cancerous diseases, but its relationship with mortality risk in cancer patients has not been explored.

Multidisciplinary Team Meeting Significantly Enhances Disease-Free Survival in Stage II-III Rectal Cancer.

Background: Multidisciplinary team (MDT) meetings have been increasingly recognized for enhancing cancer treatment outcomes; however, their specific impact on stage II-III rectal cancer remains to be fully elucidated.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective cohort study investigated the influence of MDT meeting on disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with stage II-III rectal cancer. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to minimize selection bias.

Efficacy and Safety of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Rechallenge in the Treatment of Esophageal Squamous Cell Cancer.

Rechallenge with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) shows promise in various cancers, but data in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is limited. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency and safety of ICI rechallenge in ESCC. This multicenter study analyzed ESCC patients rechallenged with ICI from January 2020 to March 2023 across two medical institutions.

Nutritional Inequality and Co-Morbid Chronic Disease Among Breast Cancer Survivors in China.

Background/objectives: Breast cancer survivors often face an elevated risk of developing co-morbid chronic diseases, which may be exacerbated by nutritional inequalities. This study aimed to comprehensively assess the associations between nutrition literacy, dietary quality, and the risk of co-morbidity in breast cancer survivors in China.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among cancer survivors enrolled in the Shanghai Cancer Rehabilitation Club from March to July 2023.