A Self-Reporting Nanosensor for Detecting Bacterial Exploitation in Plants through Extracellular DNA.

Detection of extracellular DNA (exDNA) released by invasive pathogens is crucial for understanding biotic stress in plants but remains challenging due to the lack of practical sensing tools. This study introduces a fluorescent nanosensor for remote, noninvasive detection of exDNA in plant tissues. Comprising GelGreen and polyethylenimine-modified silica nanoparticles, the nanosensor forms a self-reporting nanoplatform that simultaneously captures exDNA and generates signals.

Taurine drives body protein renewal and accretion in beef steers.

The aims of the present study were to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with rumen-protected taurine (RPT) on the whole-body protein turnover, the plasma metabolomics, and the whole blood cell transcriptomics in steers. Eight steers, averaging 220 ± 3.26 kg of liveweight, were allocated in a replicate 4 × 4 Latin square design.

Conservation implications of climatically heterogeneous areas for species diversity in a biodiversity hotspot.

Climate heterogeneity is commonly associated with exceptionally high species richness, thus bolstering ecological resilience and maximizing long-term biodiversity benefits. However, few studies have been conducted to examine the implications of climatically heterogeneous areas (CHAs) for effective biodiversity conservation. In this study, we collected occurrence records of birds and vascular plants in a biodiversity hotspot in Yunnan, China, and delineated corresponding CHAs.

Difference of habitat suitability and the influencing variables between winter and summer of in the Three-River-Source region, China.

is an ungulate endemic to the Tibetan Plateau and is widely distributed in the Three-River-Source region. Predicting the seasonal variations in habitat suitability and understanding the effects of environmental variables on habitat use by this species will help formulate effective conservation strategies and clarify its niche characteristics. Based on point records of the occurrence collected during repeated field surveys in winter (January 2019) and summer (August 2019), we used MaxEnt model to predict the differences in habitat suitability and the distribution pattern of the in the Three-River-Source region using eight preselected environmental variables.

Controlled Fabrication of Distinct Nanostructures from Discrete Oligourethanes via Thermal Annealing.

The self-assembly of sequence-defined polymers (SDPs) enables the formation of a diverse array of nanostructures; however, the construction of complex hierarchical structures via thermal annealing from SDPs remains relatively unexplored. In this study, two series of oligourethanes, 2Cit-B-OH and 2Cit-B-OH, were synthesized to investigate their thermal annealing behaviors. Nanorod clusters were generated from 2Cit-B-OH in a mixture of 1,4-dioxane and toluene, whereas 2Cit-B-OH formed nanosheets after thermal annealing.

Immunomodulatory effects and multi-omics analysis of Codonopsis Pilosula Extract in septic rats.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Codonopsis Pilosula (CP), as a well-known traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with medicinal and edible herb, is one of the most representative tonic Chinese herbal medicine. It has been widely used for regulating immune function with hardly any adverse effects in clinical practice.

Aim Of The Study: This study aimed to elucidate the immunomodulatory effect and to explore probable mechanism of Codonopsis Pilosula Extract (CPE) in septic rats.

Single-Component High-Resolution Dual-Tone EUV Photoresists Based on Precision Self-Immolative Polymers.

Electron beam (EB) and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography are advanced techniques capable of achieving sub-10 nm resolutions, critical for fabricating next-generation nanostructures and semiconductor devices. However, developing EUV photoresists that meet all demands for resolution, line edge roughness (LER), and sensitivity (RLS) remains a significant challenge. Herein, we introduce high-performance photoresists based on single-component self-immolative polymers (SIPs) with inherent signal amplification via cascade degradation.

Efficient Encapsulation of β-Lapachone into Self-Immolative Polymer Nanoparticles for Cyclic Amplification of Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species Stress.

The selective upregulation of intracellular oxidative stress in cancer cells presents a promising approach for effective cancer treatment. In this study, we report the integration of enzyme catalytic amplification and chemical amplification reactions in β-lapachone (Lap)-loaded micellar nanoparticles (NPs), which are self-assembled from reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive self-immolative polymers (SIPs). This integration enables cyclic amplification of intracellular oxidative stress in cancer cells.

Advancing Artificial Cells with Functional Compartmentalized Polymeric Systems - In Honor of Wolfgang Meier.

The fundamental building block of living organisms is the cell, which is the universal biological base of all living entities. This micrometric mass of cytoplasm and the membrane border have fascinated scientists due to the highly complex and multicompartmentalized structure. This specific organization enables numerous metabolic reactions to occur simultaneously and in segregated spaces, without disturbing each other, but with a promotion of inter- and intracellular communication of biomolecules.

Femtosecond laser direct nanolithography of perovskite hydration for temporally programmable holograms.

Modern nanofabrication technologies have propelled significant advancement of high-resolution and optically thin holograms. However, it remains a long-standing challenge to tune the complex hologram patterns at the nanoscale for temporal light field control. Here, we report femtosecond laser direct lithography of perovskites with nanoscale feature size and pixel-level temporal dynamics control for temporally programmable holograms.

Red light-induced localized release of carbon monoxide for alleviating postoperative cognitive dysfunction.

Inflammation within the central nervous system (CNS), which may be triggered by surgical trauma, has been implicated as a significant factor contributing to postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). The relationship between mitigating inflammation at peripheral surgical sites and its potential to attenuate the CNS inflammatory response, thereby easing POCD symptoms, remains uncertain. Notably, carbon monoxide (CO), a gasotransmitter, exhibits pronounced anti-inflammatory effects.

Advanced Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Functional Applications of Precision Polymers.

In the realm of biological macromolecules, entities such as nucleic acids and proteins are distinguished by their homochirality, consistently defined chain lengths, and integral sequence-dependent functionalities. Historically, these refined attributes have eluded traditional synthetic polymers, which often exhibit wide variabilities in chain lengths, limited batch-to-batch reproducibility, and stochastic monomer arrangements. Bridging this divide represents a pivotal challenge within the domain of polymer science - a challenge that the burgeoning discipline of precision polymer chemistry is poised to address.

Biomimetic Activation of N-Nitrosamides with Red Light-Triggered Nitric Oxide Release via Mediated Electron Transfer.

Mediated electron transfer (MET) is fundamental to many biological functions, including cellular respiration, photosynthesis, and enzymatic catalysis. However, leveraging the MET process to enable the release of therapeutic gases has been largely unexplored. Herein, we report the bio-inspired activation of a series of UV-absorbing N-nitrosamide derivatives (NOA) under red light exposure, enabling the quantitative release of nitric oxide (NO) gasotransmitter via an MET process.

Two new saponins from the rhizomes of Franch.

The phytochemical investigation on the rhizomes of Franch. resulted in the discovery and characterisation of six compounds, including two new saponins named parisyunnanosides M-N (-), and four known ones (-). The structures of isolated compounds were determined by spectroscopic data analysis and chemical methods.

Controlled switching thiocarbonylthio end-groups enables interconvertible radical and cationic single-unit monomer insertions and RAFT polymerizations.

To emulate the ordered arrangement of monomer units found in natural macromolecules, single-unit monomer insertion (SUMI) have emerged as a potent technique for synthesizing sequence-controlled vinyl polymers. Specifically, numerous applications necessitate vinyl polymers encompassing both radically and cationically polymerizable monomers, posing a formidable challenge due to the distinct thiocarbonylthio end-groups required for efficient control over radical and cationic SUMIs. Herein, we present a breakthrough in the form of interconvertible radical and cationic SUMIs achieved through the manipulation of thiocarbonylthio end-groups.

Impact of dietary supplementation with β-alanine on the rumen microbial crude protein supply, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen retention in beef steers elucidated through sequencing the rumen bacterial community.

This study investigated the effects of β-alanine (β-Ala) on rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen (N) metabolism, plasma biochemical parameters, and rumen bacterial communities in beef steers. Six steers with initial liveweight of 252.8 ± 5.

Dental Caries Management with Antibacterial Silver-Doped Prussian Blue Hydrogel by the Combined Effects of Photothermal Response and Ion Discharge.

Caries is a destructive condition caused by bacterial infection that affects the hard tissues of the teeth, significantly reducing the quality of life for individuals. Photothermal therapy (PTT) offers a noninvasive and painless treatment for caries, but the use of unsafe laser irradiance limits its application. To address this challenge, we prepared nanoparticles of silver ion-doped Prussian blue (AgPB), which was encased within cationic guar gum (CG) to form the antibacterial PTT hydrogel CG-AgPB with a photothermal conversion efficiency of 34.

Inhibition of esophageal cancer progression through HACE1-TRIP12 interaction and associated RAC1 ubiquitination and degradation.

This study investigated the significance of HECT domain and ankyrin repeat containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (HACE1) in esophageal cancer (ESCA) and its underlying mechanism in ESCA regulation through the induction of RAC1 ubiquitination and degradation. Characterization studies of HACE1 in ESCA clinical tissues and cell lines were performed. Next, the effects of HACE1 on the biological behavior of ESCA cells were examined by silencing and overexpressing HACE1.

Coupling effect of key factors on ecosystem services in border areas: a study of the Pu'er region, Southwestern China.

The coupling effects created by transboundary and local factors on ecosystem services are often difficult to determine. This poses great challenges for ecosystem protection and management in border areas. To decrease uncertainty, it is crucial to quantify and spatialize the impact multiple factors have on ecosystem services within different scenarios.

Codelivery of Gaseous Signaling Molecules for Biomedical Applications.

Gaseous signaling molecules (GSMs) including nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen sulfide (HS) have presented excellent therapeutic efficacy such as anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and anti-cancer effects and multiple biomedical applications in recent years. As the three most vital signaling molecules in human physiology, these three GSMs show so intertwined and orchestrated interactions that the synergy of multiple gases may demonstrate a more complex therapeutic potential than single gas delivery. Consequently, researchers have been devoted to developing codelivery systems of GSMs by synthesizing a single molecule as a dual donor to maximize the gaseous therapeutic efficacy.

Scale-Up Preparation of Manganese-Iron Prussian Blue Nanozymes as Potent Oral Nanomedicines for Acute Ulcerative Colitis.

Prussian blue (PB) nanozymes are demonstrated as effective therapeutics for ulcerative colitis (UC), yet an unmet practical challenge remains in the scalable production of these nanozymes and uncertainty over their efficacy. With a novel approach, a series of porous manganese-iron PB (MnPB) colloids, which are shown to be efficient scavengers for reactive oxygen species (ROS) including hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion, and hydrogen peroxide, are prepared. In vitro cellular experiments confirm the capability of the nanozyme to protect cells from ROS attack.

Mechanism of effect of stenting on hemodynamics at iliac vein bifurcation.

When performing stent intervention for iliac vein compression syndrome, the operator selects the appropriate stent and determines its implantation depth according to the type and severity of iliac vein stenosis in the patient. However, there is still uncertainty regarding how the structure of the stent and its implantation depth affect hemodynamics at the site of lesion. In this paper, we analyzed three commonly used stents (Vena stent from Venmedtch, Venovo from Bard, and Smart stent from Cordis) with different implantation depths (0, 10, 20 mm) using computational fluid dynamics (CFD).

Biofilm heterogeneity-adaptive photoredox catalysis enables red light-triggered nitric oxide release for combating drug-resistant infections.

The formation of biofilms is closely associated with persistent and chronic infections, and physiological heterogeneity such as pH and oxygen gradients renders biofilms highly resistant to conventional antibiotics. To date, effectively treating biofilm infections remains a significant challenge. Herein, we report the fabrication of micellar nanoparticles adapted to heterogeneous biofilm microenvironments, enabling nitric oxide (NO) release through two distinct photoredox catalysis mechanisms.

A Single-Component Dual Donor Enables Ultrasound-Triggered Co-release of Carbon Monoxide and Hydrogen Sulfide.

The development of dual gasotransmitter donors can not only provide robust tools to investigate their subtle interplay under pathophysiological conditions but also optimize therapeutic efficacy. While conventional strategies are heavily dependent on multicomponent donors, we herein report an ultrasound-responsive water-soluble copolymer (PSHF) capable of releasing carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen sulfide (H S) based on single-component sulfur-substituted 3-hydroxyflavone (SHF) derivatives. Interestingly, sulfur substitution can not only greatly improve the ultrasound sensitivity but also enable the co-release of CO/H S under mild ultrasound irradiation.