Numerical study of the future PM concentration under climate change and best-health-effect (BHE) scenario.

The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) is one of the key areas with PM air pollution in China. Driven by the PM target accessibility of the Interim Target-1 (IT-1) by World Health Organization (WHO) and China's carbon neutrality, this study explored and quantified the contribution of climate change and anthropogenic emission to future PM in the region. The experiments considered future climate change scenarios RCP8.

SIRT1 Inhibition-Induced Mitochondrial Damage Promotes GSDME-Dependent Pyroptosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumor that affects the liver and poses a significant threat to human health. Further investigation is necessary to fully understand the role of SIRT1, a protein linked to tumorigenesis, in HCC development. To investigate the effect of SIRT1 on HCC and elucidate the underlying mechanism.

Storyline attribution of human influence on a record-breaking spatially compounding flood-heat event.

Attribution of compound events informs preparedness for emerging hazards with disproportionate impacts. However, the task remains challenging because space-time interactions among extremes and uncertain dynamic changes are not satisfactorily addressed in the well-established attribution framework. For attributing the 2020 record-breaking spatially compounding flood-heat event in China, we conduct a storyline attribution analysis by designing simulation experiments via a weather forecast model, quantifying component-based attributable changes, and comparing with historical flow analogs.

Global monthly gridded atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations under the historical and future scenarios.

Increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO) concentrations is the main driver of global warming due to fossil fuel combustion. Satellite observations provide continuous global CO retrieval products, that reveal the nonuniform distributions of atmospheric CO concentrations. However, climate simulation studies are almost based on a globally uniform mean or latitudinally resolved CO concentrations assumption.

Anthropogenically-driven increases in the risks of summertime compound hot extremes.

Compared to individual hot days/nights, compound hot extremes that combine daytime and nighttime heat are more impactful. However, past and future changes in compound hot extremes as well as their underlying drivers and societal impacts remain poorly understood. Here we show that during 1960-2012, significant increases in Northern Hemisphere average frequency (~1.

Assessing summertime urban warming and the cooling efficacy of adaptation strategy in the Chengdu-Chongqing metropolitan region of China.

Western China has experienced rapid urbanization since the Chinese reform process began in the late 1970s. It is essential to study the spatiotemporal patterns of warming induced by historical and future urban expansion and to evaluate adaptation strategies for the Chengdu-Chongqing metropolitan region (CCMR) in western China. The observed urban heat island intensity was ~1.

Satellite-based analysis of evapotranspiration and water balance in the grassland ecosystems of Dryland East Asia.

The regression tree method is used to upscale evapotranspiration (ET) measurements at eddy-covariance (EC) towers to the grassland ecosystems over the Dryland East Asia (DEA). The regression tree model was driven by satellite and meteorology datasets, and explained 82% and 76% of the variations of ET observations in the calibration and validation datasets, respectively. The annual ET estimates ranged from 222.

Developed and developing world responsibilities for historical climate change and CO2 mitigation.

At the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Conference in Cancun, in November 2010, the Heads of State reached an agreement on the aim of limiting the global temperature rise to 2 °C relative to preindustrial levels. They recognized that long-term future warming is primarily constrained by cumulative anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, that deep cuts in global emissions are required, and that action based on equity must be taken to meet this objective. However, negotiations on emission reduction among countries are increasingly fraught with difficulty, partly because of arguments about the responsibility for the ongoing temperature rise.