Ecological Risks of Antibiotics in Urban Wetlands on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China.

Although the ecological risks of antibiotics have been extensively researched globally, fewer studies have been conducted in sensitive and fragile plateau wetland ecosystems. To evaluate the ecological risk of antibiotics in plateau urban wetlands, 18 water samples, 10 plant samples, and 8 sediment samples were collected in March 2022 in the Xining urban wetlands on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry method was utilized to measure the concentrations of 15 antibiotics in three categories in three types of environmental media.

The biotrophy-associated secreted protein 4 (BAS4) participates in the transition of from the biotrophic to the necrotrophic phase.

The physiological and metabolic processes of host plants are manipulated and remodeled by phytopathogenic fungi during infection, revealed obvious signs of biotrophy of the hemibiotrophic pathogen. As we known that effector proteins play key roles in interaction of hemibiotrophic fungi and their host plants. BAS4 (biotrophy-associated secreted protein 4) is an EIHM (extrainvasive hyphal membrane) matrix protein that was highly expressed in infectious hyphae.

Overexpression of in rice blast fungus can promote blast fungus growth, sporulation and virulence in .

BAS1 is biotrophy-associated secreted protein of rice blast strain (). In order to study the effect of BAS1 on virulence of rice blast strain, we characterized function of BAS1 using a purified prokaryotic expression product of and its overexpression strain. Our results showed the purified expression product caused rapid callose deposition and ROS production in rice leaves and calli, indicated it triggered transient basal defense.