UFMylation of NLRP3 Prevents Its Autophagic Degradation and Facilitates Inflammasome Activation.

NLRP3 (NOD, LRR and pyrin domain-containing protein 3) inflammasome is important for host defense against infections and maintaining homeostasis. Aberrant activation of NLRP3 inflammasome is closely related to various inflammatory diseases. Post-translational modifications are critical for NLRP3 inflammasome regulation.

The novel role of LCK and other PcDEGs in the diagnosis and prognosis of sepsis: Insights from bioinformatic identification and experimental validation.

Background: Programmed cell death (PCD) has emerged as a pivotal progress in pathogenesis of sepsis, but its role in identification of sepsis has not been fully understood.

Methods: Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified from the GEO database. PCD-related genes were intersected with DEGs, and key PcDEGs were identified through the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network.

Syrosingopine and UK5099 synergistically suppress non-small cell lung cancer by activating the integrated stress response.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) presents a global health challenge due to its low five-year survival rates, underscoring the need for novel therapeutic strategies. Our research explored the synergistic mechanisms of syrosingopine and UK-5099 in treating NSCLC. In vitro experiments showed that the combination of syrosingopine and UK-5099 significantly synergized to suppress NSCLC proliferation.

Identification and validation of key biomarkers based on RNA methylation genes in sepsis.

Background: RNA methylation is closely involved in immune regulation, but its role in sepsis remains unknown. Here, we aim to investigate the role of RNA methylation-associated genes (RMGs) in classifying and diagnosing of sepsis.

Methods: Five types of RMGs (m1A, m5C, m6Am, m7G and Ψ) were used to identify sepsis subgroups based on gene expression profile data obtained from the GEO database (GSE57065, GSE65682, and GSE95233).

protects against pneumonia-induced sepsis through inhibiting macrophage pyroptosis by sponging miR-155-5p and regulating SHIP1 expression.

Introduction: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been linked to regulate macrophage polarization and subsequent inflammation in sepsis. However, the underlying mechanism and the function of circRNAs in macrophage pyroptosis in pneumonia-induced sepsis are still unknown.

Methods: In this study, we screened the differentially expressed circRNAs among the healthy individuals, pneumonia patients without sepsis and pneumonia-induced sepsis patients in the plasma by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq).

Enrichment and characterization of extracellular vesicles from ex vivo one-sided human placenta perfusion.

Problem: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by the placenta are packed with biological information and play a major role in fetomaternal communication. Here, we describe a comprehensive set-up for the enrichment and characterization of EVs from human placenta perfusion and their application in further assays.

Method Of Study: Human term placentas were used for 3 h ex vivo one-sided perfusions to simulate the intervillous circulation.

The role and mechanism of vitamin D-mediated regulation of Treg/Th17 balance in recurrent pregnancy loss.

Problem: Vitamin D has a pivotal role in regulating immune responses in women with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), but the underlying mechanism has not been completely clarified. This study aimed to determine the correlation between vitamin D and Treg/Th17 and the effects of vitamin D supplementation on Treg/Th17 balance in RPL patients.

Methods Of Study: The level of vitamin D was determined in women with normal pregnancy and RPL by electrochemiluminescence.

The role of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in macrophage differentiation and function during pregnancy.

Study Question: What is the role of the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/PD-1 ligand-1 (PD-L1) axis in macrophage polarization during early pregnancy?

Summary Answer: PD-1 signaling is a major regulator of macrophage differentiation and function, and it is critical for the success of a pregnancy.

What Is Known Already: The predominance of decidual macrophages (DMs) with an M2 phenotype is an important contributor to maternal-fetal tolerance during early pregnancy.

Study Design, Size, Duration: Twenty-four women with recurrent miscarriage (RM) and 70 women undergoing elective termination of an early normal pregnancy (NP) were included.

The altered PD-1/PD-L1 pathway delivers the 'one-two punch' effects to promote the Treg/Th17 imbalance in pre-eclampsia.

The programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/PD-ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway is critical for normal pregnancy by promoting regulatory T (Treg) cell development and inhibiting the Th17 response. However, the relationship between the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway and the Treg/Th17 imbalance in pre-eclampsia (PE) is an enigma. In this study, decreased PD-1 and PD-L1 expression and a Treg/Th17 imbalance were observed at the maternal-fetal interface in PE.

Immunological function of vitamin D during human pregnancy.

The well-established classic role of vitamin D is implicated in the regulation of the balance between calcium and phosphorus. Furthermore, vitamin D is also involved in many non-classic physiological processes, mainly including the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and immune function, participation in the inflammatory response and maintenance of genome stability function. During pregnancy, vitamin D receptor and its metabolic enzymes are expressed at the placenta and decidua, indicating the potential role in the mechanism of immunomodulation at the maternal-fetal interface.