A novel water-in-deep eutectic solvent microemulsions for chemical polishing of single crystal KDP.

Microemulsion (ME) has been investigated as a chemical polishing (CP) fluid for effective polishing of single crystal potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP), perfectly avoiding the generation of mechanical stress. In this work, a water-in-deep eutectic solvent ME was proposed as the polishing fluid for CP of single crystal KDP. Deep eutectic solvent (DES) is formulated using n-octanol as hydrogen bond donor and methyltrioctylammonium chloride (MTOAC) as hydrogen bond acceptor, with a mass ratio of 2:1.

Transcriptome analysis of the medicinal mushroom Sanghuangporus vaninii in response to white light stress.

Light is a vital environmental factor that promotes the growth and development of edible fungi mycelium. Under white light, the mycelium color of Sanghuangporus vaninii shifts during its growth stages. To investigate the impact of visible light on mycelial morphogenesis, a comparative transcriptomic analysis was conducted.

Valorization of Leaf Powder as a Substrate in King Oyster Mushroom () Cultivation.

is widely planted as a colorful foliage tree, and its leaf can be used as a biomass energy source, but it has been underutilized for a long time. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of garden waste as a substrate component in the cultivation process of the king oyster mushroom (), with the goal of enhancing both the yield of and the efficiency of energy use. The percentages of leaf powder in the substrate were 10.

UV-A radiation increases biomass yield by enhancing energy flow and carbon assimilation in the edible cyanobacterium .

Ultraviolet (UV) A radiation (315-400 nm) is the predominant component of solar UV radiation that reaches the Earth's surface. However, the underlying mechanisms of the positive effects of UV-A on photosynthetic organisms have not yet been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effects of UV-A radiation on the growth, photosynthetic ability, and metabolome of the edible cyanobacterium .

Genome-wide analysis of bZIP gene family members in Pleurotus ostreatus, and potential roles of PobZIP3 in development and the heat stress response.

The basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor (TF) is widespread among eukaryotes and serves different roles in fungal processes including nutrient utilization, growth, stress responses and development. The oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) is an important and widely cultivated edible mushroom worldwide; nevertheless, reports are lacking on the identification or function of bZIP gene family members in P. ostreatus.

Unveiling the Remarkable Potential of Geopolymer-Based Materials by Harnessing Manganese Dioxide Incorporation.

Thermoelectric (TE) building materials have the potential to revolutionize sustainable architecture by converting temperature differences into electrical energy. This study introduces geopolymeric TE materials enhanced with manganese dioxide (MnO ) as a modifying agent. Calorimetric experiments examine the impact of MnO on geopolymerization.

Genome-wide analysis of the Pleurotus eryngii laccase gene (PeLac) family and functional identification of PeLac5.

The laccase gene family encodes multiple isozymes that are crucial for the degradation of substrates and the regulation of developmental processes in fungi. Pleurotus eryngii is an important edible and medicinal fungus belonging to the Basidiomycota phylum and can grow on a variety of natural substrates. In the present study, genome-wide profiling of P.

Identification of altered metabolic functional components using metabolomics to analyze the different ages of fruiting bodies of cultivated on cut log substrates.

is a profitable traditional and medicinal edible fungus with uncommon therapeutic properties and medicinal value. The accumulation of active ingredients in this fungus that is used in traditional Chinese medicine is affected by its years of growth, and their pharmacological activities are also affected. However, the effects of age on the medicinal value of fruiting bodies of cultivated on cut log substrate remain unclear.

Efficient Semi-Artificial Photosynthesis of Ethylene by a Self-Assembled InP-Cyanobacterial Biohybrid System.

Biomanufacturing of ethylene is particularly important for modern society. Cyanobacterial cells are able to photosynthesize various valuable chemicals. A promising platform for next-generation biomanufacturing, the semiconductor-cyanobacterial hybrid systems are capable of enhancing the solar-to-chemical conversion efficiency.

Rhodium(iii)-catalysed cascade [3 + 2] annulation of N-aryloxyacetamides with 3-(hetero)arylpropiolic acids: synthesis of benzofuran-2(3H)-ones.

Herein, a cascade [3 + 2] annulation of N-aryloxyacetamides with 3-(hetero)arylpropiolic acids affording benzofuran-2(3H)-ones via rhodium(iii)-catalyzed redox-neutral C-H functionalization/isomerization/lactonization using an internal oxidative directing group O-NHAc was achieved. This catalytic system provides a regio- and stereoselective approach to synthesize (Z)-3-(amino(aryl)methylene)benzofuran-2(3H)-ones with exclusive Z configuration selectivity, acceptable yields and good functional group tolerance. Preliminary investigations on ultraviolet-visible and fluorescence behaviors reveal that the annulation products may be applied as a promising fluorescent probe for sensing metal cations, especially for cerium (Ce3+).

Dual Directing-Groups-Assisted Redox-Neutral Annulation and Ring Opening of N-Aryloxyacetamides with 1-Alkynylcyclobutanols via Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed C-H/C-C Activations.

A cascade [3 + 2] annulation and ring opening of N-aryloxyacetamides with 1-alkynylcyclobutanols via Rh(III)-catalyzed redox-neutral C-H/C-C activations using internal oxidative O-NHAc and -OH as the dual directing groups has been achieved. This reaction provided an efficient and regioselective approach to benzofuran derivatives with good functional group compatibility and high yields.

Computational and experimental studies on copper-mediated selective cascade C-H/N-H annulation of electron-deficient acrylamide with arynes.

An efficient and convenient copper-mediated method has been developed to achieve direct cascade C-H/N-H annulation to synthesize 2-quinolinones from electron-deficient acrylamides and arynes. This method highlights an emerging but simple strategy to transform inert C-H bonds into versatile functional groups in organic synthesis to provide a new method of synthesizing 2-quinolinones efficiently. Mechanistic investigations by experimental and density functional theory (DFT) studies suggest that an organometallic C-H activation via a Cu(iii) intermediate is likely to be involved in the reaction.

Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Redox-Neutral Cascade [3 + 2] Annulation of N-Phenoxyacetamides with Propiolates via C-H Functionalization/Isomerization/Lactonization.

A Rh(III)-catalyzed cascade [3 + 2] annulation of N-phenoxyacetamides with propiolates under mild conditions using the internal oxidative O-N bond as the directing group has been achieved. This catalytic system provides a regio- and stereoselective access to benzofuran-2(3 H)-ones bearing exocyclic enamino motifs with exclusive Z configuration selectivity, acceptable to good yields and good functional group compatibility. Mechanistic investigations by experimental and density functional theory studies suggest that a consecutive process of C-H functionalization/isomerization/lactonization is likely to be involved in the reaction.

Ambient Air Condition for Room-Temperature Deposition of MAPbI Films in Highly Efficient Solar Cells.

The power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells has been boosted rapidly, it has so far exceeded that of commercial polycrystalline silicon solar cells. This has prompted great interest in large-scale production and deployment of perovskite solar cells. However, state-of-the-art perovskite solar cells are fabricated inside gloveboxes and further annealing at high temperatures (typically at >100 °C for 30 min) is needed.

Stereoselective Synthesis of Z-Vinylsilanes via Palladium-Catalyzed Direct Intermolecular Silylation of C(sp)-H Bonds.

An efficient and convenient palladium-catalyzed direct intermolecular silylation of C(sp)-H bonds by using disilanes as the silicon source with the assistance of a readily removable bidentate directing group is reported. This strategy provided a regio- and stereoselective protocol for exclusive synthesis of Z-vinylsilanes with reasonable to excellent yields and good functional group compatibility. Silylation of the isolated palladacycle intermediate revealed the Z-stereoselective pathway.

KDP Aqueous Solution-in-Oil Microemulsion for Ultra-Precision Chemical-Mechanical Polishing of KDP Crystal.

A novel functional KH₂PO₄ (KDP) aqueous solution-in-oil (KDP aq/O) microemulsion system for KDP crystal ultra-precision chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) was prepared. The system, which consisted of decanol, Triton X-100, and KH₂PO₄ aqueous solution, was available at room temperature. The functional KDP aq/O microemulsion system was systematically studied and applied as polishing solution to KDP CMP technology.

Copper-Catalyzed Selective ortho-C-H/N-H Annulation of Benzamides with Arynes: Synthesis of Phenanthridinone Alkaloids.

An efficient and convenient copper-catalyzed method has been developed to achieve direct ortho-C-H/N-H annulation to synthesize phenanthridinones with arynes. This method highlights an emerging strategy to transform inert C-H bonds into versatile functional groups in organic synthesis and provides a new way to synthesize phenanthridinone alkaloids efficiently.

Palladium-catalyzed direct intermolecular silylation of remote unactivated C(sp)-H bonds.

An efficient and convenient method has been developed to achieve direct silylation of unactivated remote primary or secondary C(sp)-H bonds to form C-Si bonds with hexamethyldisilane (HMDS). This method highlights the emerging strategy to transform unactivated methyl or methylene into versatile functional groups in organic synthesis and provides a new method to construct functionalized C-Si bonds for synthetic chemistry.

Room-Temperature, Hydrochloride-Assisted, One-Step Deposition for Highly Efficient and Air-Stable Perovskite Solar Cells.

Uniform perovskite films are achieved by HCl-assisted one-step spin-coating at room temperature. By this method, a highest power conversion efficiency of 17.9% is obtained for perovskite solar cells (PSCs).

A Cu-mediated one-pot Michael addition/α-arylation strategy using a diaryliodonium salt: a direct and efficient approach to α-aryl-β-substituted cyclic ketone scaffolds.

The direct and efficient construction of α-aryl-β-substituted cyclic ketone scaffolds has been achieved using a Cu-mediated one-pot Michael addition/α-arylation strategy. The reaction features easily available materials, broad substrate scope, moderate to good yield, and an excellent diastereoselectivity.

Hysteresis Analysis Based on the Ferroelectric Effect in Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells.

The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of CH3NH3PbX3 (X = I, Br, Cl) perovskite solar cells has been developed rapidly from 6.5 to 18% within 3 years. However, the anomalous hysteresis found in I-V measurements can cause an inaccurate estimation of the efficiency.

Cu(II)-mediated atom transfer radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate via a strategy of thermo-regulated phase-separable catalysis in a liquid/liquid biphasic system: homogeneous catalysis, facile heterogeneous separation, and recycling.

A strategy of thermo-regulated phase-separable catalysis (TPSC) is applied to the Cu(II)-mediated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of methyl methacrylate (MMA) in a p-xylene/PEG-200 biphasic system. Initiators for continuous activator regeneration ATRP (ICAR ATRP) are used to establish the TPSC-based ICAR ATRP system using water-soluble TPMA as a ligand, EBPA as an initiator, CuBr2 as a catalyst, and AIBN as a reducing agent. By heating to 70 °C, unlimited miscibility of both solvents is achieved and the polymerization can be carried out under homogeneous conditions; then on cooling to 25 °C, the mixture separates into two phases again.

Thermo-regulated phase separable catalysis (TPSC)-based atom transfer radical polymerization in a thermo-regulated ionic liquid.

A thermo-regulated phase separable catalysis (TPSC) system for AGET ATRP based on a thermo-regulated ionic liquid was developed for the first time. The corresponding transition metal catalysts could be easily recovered and reused several times with negligible loss of catalytic activity.

NH₄HF₂ as a selective TBS-removal reagent for the synthesis of highly functionalized spiroketal via tandem deprotection/spiroketalization procedure.

NH4HF2 has been used for the first time to selectively remove the TBS protecting groups from diol ketone precursors in the synthesis of highly functionalized spiroketals. This method allows the synthesis of [5,6], [6,6], and [6,7] spiroketal skeletons, as well as benzannulated spiroketal with retention of acid-sensitive groups. In this way, spiroketals can be synthesized with diverse substituent groups in the skeleton or on side chains.

Dual-functional hetero-structured TiO2 nanotrees composed of rutile trunks and anatase branches for improved performance of quantum dot-sensitized solar cells.

We developed a two-step hydrothermal method to prepare hetero-structured TiO2 nanotree arrays on FTO substrates. This process included the deposition of rutile nanorod arrays with a length of about 2 μm as trunks at first and then the growth of the anatase nanosheets with the thickness of less than 10 nm standing on the rutile trunks through a dissolution-growth process. After being coated with CdS and CdSe quantum dots, these nanotrees were used as photoanodes in the quantum dot-sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs).