Identification and Characterization of Key Genes for Nitrogen Utilization from Sub-Genome in Modern Sugarcane Cultivar.

Sugarcane ( spp.) is globally considered an important crop for sugar and biofuel production. During sugarcane production, the heavy reliance on chemical nitrogen fertilizer has resulted in low nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and high loss.

A novel system with robust compatibility and stability for detecting based on CRISPR-Cas12a.

(SCYLV) can reduce sugarcane productivity. A novel detection system based on reverse transcription-multienzyme isothermal rapid amplification (RT-MIRA) combined with CRISPR-Cas12a, named RT-MIRA-CRISPR-Cas12a, was developed. This innovative approach employs crude leaf extract directly as the reaction template, streamlining the extraction process for simplicity and speed.

Ectopic Expression of Sugarcane Has the Potential to Improve Ammonium Assimilation and Grain Yield in Transgenic Rice under Low Nitrogen Stress.

In China, nitrogen (N) fertilizer is excessively used in sugarcane planting areas, while the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of sugarcane is relatively low. Mining and identifying the key genes in response to low N stress in sugarcane can provide useful gene elements and a theoretical basis for developing sugarcane varieties with high NUE. In our study, RNA-Seq combined with qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the gene responded positively to low N stress, resulting in the stronger low N tolerance and high NUE ability of sugarcane cultivar ROC22.

Identification and characterization of WAK gene family in Saccharum and the negative roles of ScWAK1 under the pathogen stress.

Wall-associated kinase (WAK) is widely involved in signal transduction, reproductive growth, responses to pathogen infection and metal ion stress in plants. In this study, 19, 12, and 37 SsWAK genes were identified in Saccharum spontaneum, Saccharum hybrid and Sorghum bicolor, respectively. Phylogenetic tree showed that they could be divided into three groups.

Prediction of the Current and Future Distributions of the Hessian Fly, (Say), under Climatic Change in China.

The Hessian fly, (Say) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), is a destructive wheat pest worldwide and an important alien species in China. Based on 258 distribution records and nine environmental factors of the Hessian fly, we predicted the potential distribution area in China under three current and future (2050s and 2070s) climate change scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.

Identification of Low-Nitrogen-Related miRNAs and Their Target Genes in Sugarcane and the Role of in Nitrogen Assimilation.

Chemical nitrogen (N) fertilizer is widely used in sugarcane production, especially in China and India. Understanding the molecular mechanisms and mining miRNAs and their target genes associated with nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in sugarcane can aid in developing the N-efficient varieties, and thus is beneficial to reduce N fertilizer application. In this study, the root miRNA database of N-efficient sugarcane variety ROC22 under low N stress (0.

Comparison of the relationship between cognitive function and future falls in Chinese community-dwelling older adults with and without diabetes mellitus.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether cognitive function is associated with future falls in older patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) compared with those without DM. Cognitive function was divided into several domains to further analyze.

Methods: A total of 678 individuals met the inclusion criteria and comprised the final study population.

Sugarcane Confers Drought Stress Tolerance in Transgenic by Regulating the ABA Signal, ROS Level and Stress-Related Gene Expression.

The dehydration-responsive element-binding protein (DREB) is a subgroup member of the AP2/ERF family and actively participates in the response of plants to abiotic stress. Although genes have been studied in a variety of plant species, there are few reports of genes in sugarcane ( spp.).

Identification of Saccharum CaM gene family and function characterization of ScCaM1 during cold and oxidant exposure in Pichia pastoris.

Background: Calmodulin (CaM) plays an essential role in binding calcium ions and mediating the interpretation of Ca signals in plants under various stresses. However, the evolutionary relationship of CaM family proteins in Saccharum has not been elucidated.

Objective: To deduce and explore the evolution and function of Saccharum CaM family.

High turnover and rescue effect of XRCC1 in response to heavy charged particle radiation.

The DNA damage response is a highly orchestrated process. The involvement of the DNA damage response factors in DNA damage response depends on their biochemical reactions with each other and with chromatin. Using online live-cell imaging combined with heavy ion microbeam irradiation, we studied the response of the scaffold protein X-ray repair cross-complementary protein 1 (XRCC1) at the localized DNA damage in charged particle irradiated HT1080 cells expressing XRCC1-tagged RFP.

Sub-5 nm Lithography with Single GeV Heavy Ions Using Inorganic Resist.

In this work, we demonstrate a process having the capability to realize single-digit nanometer lithography using single heavy ions. By adopting 2.15 GeV Kr ions as the exposure source and hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) as a negative-tone inorganic resist, ultrahigh-aspect-ratio nanofilaments with sub-5 nm feature size, following the trajectory of single heavy ions, were reliably obtained.

Nanoscale insight into chromatin remodeling and DNA repair complex in HeLa cells after ionizing radiation.

The dynamic structure of nuclear chromatin and its regulation in the formation of repair complex is essential in DNA damage response and repair. Using single molecule localization microscopy STORM this work discovered that the nuclear chromatin organization was relaxed from 200 to 400 nm thick irregular frame and remodeled to dispersed sub-100 nm structure in HeLa cells after X-ray irradiation. The DSB repair factors (γ-H2AX, MDC1, 53BP1) showed distribution as microscale-colocalized and nanoscale interlaced substructure in the DSB repair complex.

Electrical Field Regulation of Ion Transport in Polyethylene Terephthalate Nanochannels.

Rectified ion transport in nanochannels is the basis of ion channels in biological cells and has inspired emerging nanochannel applications in ion separation, Coulter counters, and biomolecule detection and nanochannel energy harvesters. In this work we fabricated a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) conical nanochannel using latent ion track etching technique and then systematically studied the ion transport and influence of cation species on the nanochannel surface with cyclic - measurement. We discovered the electrical regulation of the reversible and irreversible modification of the nanochannel transportation by bivalent and trivalent cations, revealing the existence of the switching threshold voltage which can control the current rectification in bivalent solution.

Mutations in VP0 and 2C Proteins of Duck Hepatitis A Virus Type 3 Attenuate Viral Infection and Virulence.

Duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV) is prevalent worldwide and has caused significant economic losses. As the predominant serotype in China, DHAV-3 has become a major challenge to the local duck industry. Here the genetics and pathogenesis of a virulent DHAV-3 strain and its embryo-passaged strain were assessed.

Multifunctionality of structural proteins in the enterovirus life cycle.

Members of the genus have a significant effect on human health, especially in infants and children. Since the viral genome has limited coding capacity, Enteroviruses subvert a range of cellular processes for viral infection via the interaction of viral proteins and numerous cellular factors. Intriguingly, the capsid-receptor interaction plays a crucial role in viral entry and has significant implications in viral pathogenesis.

The Physiological and Agronomic Responses to Nitrogen Dosage in Different Sugarcane Varieties.

Nitrogen (N) is very important for sugarcane yield improvement, but the excessive application of N fertilizer brings about N pollution and a cost increase. Through distinguishing the difference of nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), we can reasonably apply N fertilizer according to the NUE characteristics of sugarcane varieties, and thus reduce N loss and maintain high yield. The present study showed the pot experiment results of identifying NUE types of nine main sugarcane varieties in the main sugarcane producing areas of China under controlled conditions, and identified the key physiological and agronomic indictors which can help to determine the NUE types of sugarcane.

Evaluating automated entity extraction with respect to drug and non-drug treatment strategies.

Objectives: Treatment used in a randomized clinical trial is a critical data element both for physicians at the point of care and reviewers who are evaluating different interventions. Much of existing work on treatment extraction from the biomedical literature has focused on the extraction of pharmacological interventions. However, non-pharmacological interventions (e.

Dietary Flavonoids Scavenge Hypochlorous Acid via Chlorination on A- and C-Rings as Primary Reaction Sites: Structure and Reactivity Relationship.

Dietary flavonoids are known as scavengers of reactive oxygen species such as hypochlorous acid. In spite of the abundant scavenging capacity data reported, few reports have addressed the relationship between the scavenging capacity and structures of different flavonoids. We characterized the reaction products of five flavonoids (apigenin, quercetin, naringenin, ampelopsin, and epicatechin) with hypochlorous acid and found that primary chlorination reaction occurred on the A-ring (C6 or C8) and/or C-rings but not on B-rings.

Foreign cry1Ac gene integration and endogenous borer stress-related genes synergistically improve insect resistance in sugarcane.

Background: Sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids) is considered the most globally important sugar-producing crop and raw material for biofuel. Insect attack is a major issue in sugarcane cultivation, resulting in yield losses and sucrose content reductions.

Heterologous expression of a Glyoxalase I gene from sugarcane confers tolerance to several environmental stresses in bacteria.

Glyoxalase I belongs to the glyoxalase system that detoxifies methylglyoxal (MG), a cytotoxic by-product produced mainly from triose phosphates. The concentration of MG increases rapidly under stress conditions. In this study, a novel glyoxalase I gene, designated as was identified from sugarcane.

Transcriptional analysis identifies major pathways as response components to Sporisorium scitamineum stress in sugarcane.

Background: Sugarcane smut, which is caused by Sporisorium scitamineum, is a severe fungal disease affecting sugarcane. However, the major pathways involved in the interaction between sugarcane and S. scitamineum remains unclear.

A Comparative Study of Three Detection Techniques for Subsp. , the Causal Pathogen of Sugarcane Ratoon Stunting Disease.

The ratoon stunting disease (RSD), caused by the bacterium subsp (), is one of the most economically devastating diseases impacting sugarcane. RSD causes significant yield losses and variety degradation. Diagnosis of RSD is challenging because it does not exhibit any discernible internal and external symptoms.

Particle Bombardment of the cry2A Gene Cassette Induces Stem Borer Resistance in Sugarcane.

Sugarcane borer is the most common and harmful pest in Chinese sugarcane fields, and can cause damage to the whole plant during the entire growing season. To improve borer resistance in sugarcane, we constructed a plant expression vector pGcry2A0229 with the bar gene as the marker and the cry2A gene as the target, and introduced it into embryogenic calli of most widely cultivated sugarcane cultivar ROC22 by particle bombardment. After screening with phosphinothricin in vitro and Basta spray, 21 resistance-regenerated plants were obtained, and 10 positive transgenic lines harboring the cry2A gene were further confirmed by conventional PCR detection.