5-Hydroxymethylcytosine Profiles of cfDNA in Urine as Diagnostic, Differential Diagnosis and Prognostic Markers for Multiple Myeloma.

Background: An effective urine-based method for the diagnosis, differential diagnosis and prognosis of multiple myeloma (MM) has not yet been developed. Urine cell-free DNA (cfDNA) carrying cancer-specific genetic and epigenetic aberrations may enable a noninvasive "liquid biopsy" for diagnosis and monitoring of cancer.

Methods: We first identified MM-specific hydroxymethylcytosine signatures by comparing 64 MM patients, 23 amyloidosis (AM) patients and 59 healthy cohort.

5-Hydroxymethylcytosine profiles in plasma cell-free DNA reflect molecular characteristics of diabetic kidney disease.

Background: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), one of the main complications of diabetes mellitus (DM), has become a frequent cause of end-stage renal disease. A clinically convenient, non-invasive approach for monitoring the development of DKD would benefit the overall life quality of patients with DM and contribute to lower medical burdens through promoting preventive interventions.

Methods: We utilized 5hmC-Seal to profile genome-wide 5-hydroxymethylcytosines in plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA).