Expedient Synthesis of Alkyl and Aryl Thioethers Using Xanthates as Thiol-Free Reagents.

Thioethers are critical in the fields of pharmaceuticals and organic synthesis, but most of the methods for synthesis alkyl thioethers employ foul-smelling thiols as starting materials or generate them as by-products. Additionally, most thiols are air-sensitive and are easily oxidized to produce disulfides under atmospheric conditions; thus, a novel method for synthesizing thioethers is necessary. This paper reports a simple, effective, green method for synthesizing dialkyl or alkyl aryl thioether derivatives using odorless, stable, low-cost ROCSK as a thiol surrogate.

Potassium xanthate-promoted reductive sulfuration reaction: from aldehydes to thiol, disulfide, and thioester derivatives.

Herein, we developed a synthetic strategy for the direct construction of C-S bonds to obtain biologically active sulfur-containing compounds and a methodology involving the reductive sulfuration of aldehydes or ketones to obtain diverse substituted thiol, disulfide, and thioester derivatives. EtOCSK is demonstrated as a potential substitute for the Berzelius reagent or Lawesson's reagent for the construction of C-S bonds.

Aromatization of cyclic hydrocarbons thioether elimination reaction.

Herein, the diversity-oriented aromatization of cyclic hydrocarbons potassium ethyl xanthogenate (EtOCSK)/NHI-mediated methylthiyl radical addition and thioether elimination was investigated under transition-metal-free conditions. The methylthiyl radical species were generated the NHI-mediated decomposition of DMSO following which EtOCSK promoted the breaking of carbon-sulfur bonds of thioether.

Characteristics and predictors of low-grade renal artery stenosis in female patients with CKD.

Aim: Renal artery stenosis (RAS) is an important cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The main purpose of this study was to explore the clinical characteristics and predictors of low-grade RAS in female patients with CKD.

Methods: One hundred and five female CKD patients from Huadong Hospital affiliated with Fudan University who underwent 3 T non-contrast renal artery magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) were analyzed.

Expedient Synthesis of Dihaloalkenynes via Pd-Catalyzed Haloalkynylation Reaction.

Herein, the Pd -catalyzed construction of functionalized dihaloalkenynes from haloalkynes via a self-haloalkynylation reaction, without specialized ligands or oxidizing additives, is reported. The method tolerates a diverse range of haloalkynes, including electron-donating and electron-withdrawing functional groups, such as macrocyclic alkynols, spiro-oxy ring alkynols, and even carbazole-containing, pyrrolidine-2,5-dione-containing and silyl-protected bromoalkynes. Using an opposite lithium halide (LiX) to the haloalkyne starting material, remarkably high regio- and stereoselectivity of the haloalkynylation reaction is possible, yielding 1-bromo-2-chloroalkenyne or 2-bromo-1-chloroalkenyne products as desired.

Palladium-Catalyzed Cross Haloalkynylation of Haloalkynes.

Herein, we have developed a robust Pd-catalyzed haloalkynylation of haloalkynes for the synthesis of dihaloalkenyne derivatives. This cross-haloalkynylation reaction proceeds in a highly chemo- and regioselective manner under mild conditions in the presence of two slightly structurally different haloalkynes and shows strong functional group tolerance under ligand- and base-free conditions.