Optimal strategies for contract farming supply chain with government subsidies under e-commerce assistance to farmers.

The agricultural issue is a focal point of concern for each country, and e-commerce assistance to farmers, as an emerging model, is gaining increasing attention. Considering this trend, this paper bases on e-commerce assistance to farmers and considers four types of government subsidies: no subsidy, price subsidy model with the farmer as the subsidy target, price subsidy model with the e-commerce platform as the subsidy target, and area subsidy model. Based on this, a game model of the contract farming supply chain involving a farmer and an e-commerce platform was established to explore the optimal decision-making in the contract farming supply chain considering various government subsidies under the background of e-commerce assistance to farmers.

Decoupling Distribution of -Alkanes in Aeolian Sand and Vegetation of the Northern Ulan Buh Desert, China: Insight into Organic Matter Preservation in Arid Regions.

Fallen leaves and their decomposition directly deposit leaf wax -alkanes into sediments, which can be used to identify local flora. These -alkanes are important for studying past vegetation and climate, but their distribution in sediments must be known. Aeolian sand -alkanes are particularly important for understanding paleoclimates in arid regions, despite the challenges of extraction due to their extremely low abundance.

Variation in soil bacterial community characteristics inside and outside the West Ordos National Nature Reserve, northern China.

Nature reserves are crucial for protecting biological habitats and maintaining biodiversity. Soil bacterial community plays an irreplaceable role in the structure and function of ecosystem. However, the impact of nature reserves on soil bacterial communities is still unclear.

ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE 5-KIP-RELATED PROTEIN 1-SHOOT MERISTEMLESS modulates reproductive development of Arabidopsis.

Soil (or plant) water deficit accelerates plant reproduction. However, the underpinning molecular mechanisms remain unknown. By modulating cell division/number, ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE 5 (ABI5), a key bZIP (basic (region) leucine zippers) transcription factor, regulates both seed development and abiotic stress responses.

Density affects plant size in the Gobi Desert.

Plant size is a crucial functional trait with substantial implications in agronomy and forestry. Understanding the factors influencing plant size is essential for ecosystem management and restoration efforts. Various environmental factors and plant density play significant roles in plant size.

Glucose status within dark-grown etiolated cotyledons determines seedling de-etiolation upon light irradiation.

Exposure of dark-grown etiolated seedlings to light triggers the transition from skotomorphogenesis/etiolation to photomorphogenesis/de-etiolation. In the life cycle of plants, de-etiolation is essential for seedling development and plant survival. The mobilization of soluble sugars (glucose [Glc], sucrose, and fructose) derived from stored carbohydrates and lipids to target organs, including cotyledons, hypocotyls, and radicles, underpins de-etiolation.

Effects of Wind-Water Erosion and Topographic Factor on Soil Properties in the Loess Hilly Region of China.

Wind and water erosion processes can lead to soil degradation. Topographic factors also affect the variation of soil properties. The effect of topographic factors on soil properties in regions where wind and water erosion simultaneously occur remains complicated.

Near-ultraviolet irradiation to stimulate unmodified polyether ether ketone to achieve stable and sustainable antibacterial activity.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the cytotoxicity and sustainable antibacterial activity of unmodified PEEK under specific wavelength light treatment (365 nm), and its antibacterial mechanism was also preliminarily discussed.

Methods: A near-ultraviolet source with a wavelength of 365 nm and a power of 5 W were selected. The irradiation time was 30 min, and the distance was 100 mm.

Ile-1781-Leu Target Mutation and Non-Target-Site Mechanism Confer Resistance to Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase-Inhibiting Herbicides in var. .

var. is a xerophytic weed severely invading rice fields along with the application of rice mechanical direct seeding technology in China. This study identified one resistant population (M5) with an Ile-1781-Leu substitution in showing broad-spectrum resistance to three chemical classes of ACCase-inhibiting herbicides, including metamifop, cyhalofop-butyl, fenoxaprop--ethyl, haloxyfop--methyl, clethodim, sethoxydim, and pinoxaden.

Effect of Rhizome Severing on Survival and Growth of Rhizomatous Herb Is Regulated by Sand Burial Depth.

Rhizome fragmentation and sand burial are common phenomena in rhizomatous clonal plants. These traits serve as an adaptive strategy for survival in stressful environments. Thus far, some studies have been carried out on the effects of rhizome fragmentation and sand burial, but how the interaction between rhizome fragmentation and sand burial affects the growth and reproduction of rhizomatous clonal plants is unclear.

Improving measurements of the falling trajectory and terminal velocity of wind-dispersed seeds.

Seed dispersal by wind is one of the most important dispersal mechanisms in plants. The key seed trait affecting seed dispersal by wind is the effective terminal velocity (hereafter "terminal velocity", ), the maximum falling speed of a seed in still air. Accurate estimates of are crucial for predicting intra- and interspecific variation in seed dispersal ability.

Improving the valence self-reversible conversion of cerium nanoparticles on titanium implants by lanthanum doping to enhance ROS elimination and osteogenesis.

Equipped with anti-oxidative properties, cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNPs) are gradually being adopted over the years in the field of oxidative stress research. However, the effects of CNPs may be diminished when under the influence of prolonged and substantially elevated levels of oxidative stress. Therefore, it is imperative to enhance the efficacy of CNPs to resist oxidative stress.

Seed dispersal by wind decreases when plants are water-stressed, potentially counteracting species coexistence and niche evolution.

Hydrology is a major environmental factor determining plant fitness, and hydrological niche segregation (HNS) has been widely used to explain species coexistence. Nevertheless, the distribution of plant species along hydrological gradients does not only depend on their hydrological niches but also depend on their seed dispersal, with dispersal either weakening or reinforcing the effects of HNS on coexistence. However, it is poorly understood how seed dispersal responds to hydrological conditions.

Quantifying patch-specific seed dispersal and local population dynamics to estimate population spread of an endangered plant species.

Aim: Habitat loss and fragmentation impose high extinction risk upon endangered plant species globally. For many endangered plant species, as the remnant habitats become smaller and more fragmented, it is vital to estimate the population spread rate of small patches in order to effectively manage and preserve them for potential future range expansion. However, population spread rate has rarely been quantified at the patch level to inform conservation strategies and management decisions.

Unsupervised Cross Domain Person Re-Identification by Multi-Loss Optimization Learning.

Unsupervised cross domain (UCD) person re-identification (re-ID) aims to apply a model trained on a labeled source domain to an unlabeled target domain. It faces huge challenges as the identities have no overlap between these two domains. At present, most UCD person re-ID methods perform "supervised learning" by assigning pseudo labels to the target domain, which leads to poor re-ID performance due to the pseudo label noise.